manner, as he will equally do thofe who may hereafter attempt to fettle upon the territory belonging to the Spanish dominion. Art. XII. The evacuation agreed upon fhall be completely effected within the space of fix months after the exchange of the ratifications of this convention, or fooner, if it can be done. Art. XIII. It is agreed that the new grants defcribed in the preceding articles, in favour of the English nation, are to take place as foon as the aforefaid evacuation fhall be entirely accomplished. Art. XIV. His catholic majefty, prompted folely by motives of humanity, promifes to the king of England, that he will not exercise any act of feverity against the Mofquitos, inhabiting in part the countries which are to be evacuated by virtue of the prefent convention, on account of the connections which may have fubfifted between the faid Indians and the English and his Britannic majefty, on his part, will ftrictly prohibit all his fubjects from furnishing arms, or warlike ftores, to the Indians in general, fituated upon the frontiers of the Spanish poffeffions. Art. XV. The two courts fhall mutually tranfmit to each other duplicates of the orders, which they are to dispatch to their respective governors and commanders in America, for the accomplishment of the present convention; and a frigate, or proper fhip of war, fhall be appointed, on each fide, to obferve in conjunction that all things are performed in the beft order poffible, and with that cordiality and good faith of which the two fovereigns have been pleafed to fet the example. Art. XVI. The prefent conven tion fhall be ratified by their Bri tannic and catholic majefties, and the ratifications exchanged, within the space of fix weeks, or fooner, if it can be done. In witness whereof, We, the underfigned minifters plenipotentiary of their Britannic and catholic majefties, in virtue of our respective full powers, have figned the present convention, and have affixed thereto the feals of our arms. (Signed) CARMARTHEN, &c. &c. 14th July, 1786. Treaty of Commerce and Navigation, between his Britannic Majefty and the Moft Chriftian King, figned at Versailles, the 26th of September, 1786. H IS Britannic majefty, and his Moft Chriftian majesty, being equally animated with the defire not only of confolidating the good harmony which actually fubfifts between them, but also of extending the happy effects thereof to their refpective fubjects, have thought that the most efficacious means for attaining thofe objects, conformably to the 18th article of the treaty of peace, figned the 6th of September, 1783, would be to adopt a fyftem of commerce on the bafis of reciprocity and mutual convenience, which, by difcontinuing the prohibitions and prohibitory duties which have exifted for almost a century between the two nations, might procure the moft folid advantages, on both fides, to the national productions and induftry, and put an end to contraband trade, no less injurious to the public revenue, than to that awful commerce which is alone entitled entitled to protection; for this end, their faid majefties have named for their commiffaries and plenipotentiaries, to wit, the king of Great Britain, William Eden, efq. privy counsellor in Great Britain and Ireland, member of the British parliament, and his envoy extraordinary and minifter plenipotentiary to his Moft Chriftian majefty; and the Most Christian king, the Sieur Jofeph Mathias Gerrard de Rayneval, knight, counsellor of state, knight of the royal order of Charles III. who, after having exchanged their respective full powers, have agreed upon the following articles: Art. I. It is agreed and concluded between the most ferene and moft potent king of Great Britain, and the most ferene and moft potent, the Most Christian king, that there fhall be a reciprocal and entirely perfect liberty of navigation and commerce between the fubjeds of each party, in all and every the kingdoms, ftates, provinces, and territories, fubject to their majefties in Europe, for all and fingular kinds of goods, in those places, upon the conditions, and in fuch manner and form as is fettled and adjusted in the following articles: Art. II. For the future fecurity of commerce and friendship between the fubjects of their faid majesties, and to the end that this good correfpondence may be preferved from all interruption and difturbance, it is concluded and agreed, that if, at any time, there fhould arife any mifunderstanding, breach of friendship, or rupture between the crowns of their majefties, which God forbid! (which rupture fhall not be deemed to exift until the recalling or fending home of the respective ambaffadors and minifters) the fubjects of each of the two parties refiding in the dominions of the other, fhall have the privilege of remaining and continuing their trade therein, without any manner of disturbance, so long as they behave peaceably, and commit no offence against the laws and ordinances; and in cafe their conduct fhould render them fufpected, and the refpective governments fhould be obliged to order them to remove, the term of twelve months fhall be allowed them for that purpose, in order that they may remove, with their effects and property, whether entrusted to individuals, or to the ftate. At the fame time it is to be underflood, that this favour is not to be extended to those who fhall act contrary to the established laws. Art. III. It is likewife agreed and concluded, that the subjects and inhabitants of the kingdoms, provinces, and dominions of their majefties, fhall exercise no acts of hostility or violence against each other, either by fea or by land, or in rivers, ftreams, ports or havens, under any colour or pretence whatsoever; fo that the fubjects of either party fhall receive no patent, commiffion, or inftruction for arming and acting at sea as privateers, nor letters of reprifal, as they are called, from any princes or ftates, enemies to the other party; nor by virtue, or under colour of such patents, commiflions, or reprisals, fhall they difturb, infeft, or any way prejudice or damage the aforefaid fubjects and inhabitants of the king of Great Britain, or of the Moft Chriftian king; neither fhall they arm ships in fuch manner as is above faid, or go out to fea therewith. To which end, as often as it is required by either party, strict and exprefs prohibitions fhall be renewed and pub lifhed in all the territories, countries, and dominions of each party wherefoever, that no one fhall in any wife ufe fuch commiffions or letters of reprifal, under the feverest punishment that can be inflicted on the tranfgreffors, befides being liable to make full reftitution and fatisfaction to those to whom they have done any damage; neither fhall any letters of reprifal be hereafter granted by either of the faid high contracting parties, to the prejudice or detriment of the fubjects of the other, except only in fuch cafe wherein justice is denied or delayed; which denial or delay of justice fhall not be regarded as verified, unless the petitions of the perfon, who defires the faid letters of reprifal, be communicated to the minifter refiding there on the part of the prince against whofe fubjects they are not to be granted, that within the fpace of four months, or fooner, if it be poffible, he may manifeft the contrary, or procure the fatisfaction which may be justly due. Art. IV. The fubjects and inhabitants of the respective dominions of the two fovereigns fhall have liberty, freely and fecurely, without licence or paffport, general or fpecial, by land or by fea, or any other way, to enter into the kingdoms, dominions, provinces, countries, ilands, cities, villages, towns,walled or unwalled, fortified or unfortified, ports, or territories whatsoever, of Either fovereign, fituated in Europe, and to return from thence, to re-, main there, or to pass through the fame, and therein to buy and purchafe, as they pleafe, all things neceffary for their fubfiftence and ufe, and they fhall mutually be treated with all kindness and favour. Provided, however, that in all these matters, they behave and conduct themfelves conformably to the laws and ftatutes, and live with each other in a friendly and peaceable manner, and promote a reciprocal concord by maintaining a mutual and good understanding. Art. V. The subjects of each of their faid majefties may have leave and licence to come with their fhips, as alfo with the merchandizes and goods on board the fame, the trade and importation whereof are not prohibited by the laws of either kingdom, and to enter into the countries, dominions, cities, ports, places, and rivers of either party, fituated in Europe, to refort thereto, and to remain and refide there, without any limitation of time; alfo to hire houses, or to lodge with other perfons, and to buy all lawful kinds of merchandizes, where they think fit, either from the firit maker or the feller, or in any other manner, whether in the public market for the fale of merchandizes, or in fairs, or wherever fuch merchandizes are manufactured or fold. They may likewife depofit and keep in their magazines and warehouses the merchandizes brought from other parts, and afterwards expofe the fame to fale, without being in any wife obliged, unlefs willingly and of their own accord, to bring the faid merchandizes to the marts and fairs. Neither are they to be burthened with any impofitions or duties an account of the faid freedom of trade, or for any other caufe whatsoever, except thofe which are to be paid for their fhips and merchandizes, conformably to the regulations of the prefent treaty, or those to which the fubjects of the two contracting parties fhall themselves be liable. And they shall have free leave to re move themselves, as also their wives, children, and fervants, together with their merchandizes, property, goods, or effects, whether bought or imported, wherever they hall think fit, out of either kingdom, by land and by fea, on the rivers and fresh waters, after discharging the ufual duties; any law, privilege, grant, immunities, or customs, to the contrary thereof in any wife notwithftanding. In matters of religion, the fubjects of the two crowns fhall enjoy perfect liberty. They fhall not be compelled to attend divine fervice, whether in the churches or elsewhere; but, on the contrary, they fhall be permitted, without any moleftation, to perform the exercises of their religion privately in their own houses, and in their own way. Liberty fhall not be refufed to bury the fubjects of either kingdom who die in the territories of the other, in convenient places to be appointed for that purpofe; nor fhall the funerals or fepulchres of the deceafed be in any wife difturbed. The laws and ftatutes of each kingdom fhall remain in full force and vigour, and fhall be duly put in execution, whether they relate to commerce and navigation, or to any other right, thofe cafes only excepted, concerning which it is otherwise determined in the articles of this prefent treaty. Art. VI. The two high contracting parties have thought proper to fettle the duties on certain goods and merchandizes, in order to fix invariably the footing on which the trade therein fhall be established between the two nations. In confequence of which they have agreed upon the following tariff, viz. ift. The wines of France, imported directly from France into Great Britain, fhall, in no cafe, pay any higher duties than those which the wines of Portugal now pay. The wines of France, imported directly from France into Ireland, fhall pay no higher duties than those which they now pay. 2d. The vinegars of France, inftead of fixty-feven pounds five fhillings and three pence and twelve twentieths of a penny fterling, per ton, which they now pay, fhall not for the future pay, in Great Britain, any higher duties than thirty-two pounds eighteen fhillings and ten pence and fixteen twentieths of a penny fterling, per ton. 3d. The brandies of France, inftead of nine fhillings and fix pence and twelve twentieths of a penny fterling, fhall for the future pay, in Great Britain, only feven fhil lings fterling per gallon, making four quarts, English measure. 4th. Oil of olives, coming directly from France, fhall, for the future, pay no higher duties than are now paid for the fame from the most favoured nations, 5th. Beer fhall pay reciprocally a duty of thirty per cent. ad valorem. 6th. The duties on hardware, cutlery, cabinet ware, and turnery, and alfo all works, both heavy and light, of iron, fteel, copper, and brass, fhall be claffed; and the higheft duty fhall not exceed ten per cent. ad valorem. 7th. All forts of cottons manufactured in the dominions of the two fovereigns in Europe, and alío woollens, whether knit or wove, including hofiery, fhall pay, in both countries, an import duty of twelve per cent. ad valorem; all manufactures of of cotton or wool, mixed with filk excepted, which fhall remain prohibited on both fides. 8th. Cambricks and lawns fhall pay, in both countries, an import duty of five fhillings, or fix livres Tournois, per demi piece of feven yards and three quarters, English meafure; and linens, made of flax or hemp, manufactured in the dominions of the two fovereigns in Europe, fhall pay no higher duties, ei ther in Great Britain or France, than linens manufactured in Holland or Flanders, imported into Great Britain, now pay. And linen made of flax or hemp, manufactured in Ireland or France, fhall reciprocally pay no higher duties than linens manufactured in Holland, imported into Ireland, now pay. 9th. Sadlery fhall reciprocally pay an import duty of fifteen per cent. ad valorem. 10th. Gauzes of all forts fhall reciprocally pay ten per cent. ad valorem. 11th. Millinery made up of muflin, lawn, cambrick, or gauze of every kind, or of any other article admitted under the present tariff, fhall pay reciprocally a duty of twelve per cent. ad valorem: and if any articles shall be used therein, which are not specified in the tariff, they fhall pay no higher duties than those paid for the fame articles by the most favoured nations. 12th. Porcelain, earthen-ware, and pottery, fhall pay reciprocally twelve per cent. ad valorem. 13th. Plate-glafs and glafs ware in general fhall be admitted, on each fide, paying a duty of twelve per cent. ad valorem. His Britannic majefty referves the right of countervailing, by additional duties on the undermentioned merchandizes, the internal duties actually imposed upon the manufactures, or the import duties which are charged on the raw materials; namely, on all linens or cottons, ftained or printed, on beer, glass ware, plate glafs, and iron. And his Moft Chriftian majesty also reserves the right of doing the fame, with regard to the following merchandizes; namely, cottons, iron, and beer. And for the better fecuring the due collection of the duties payable ad valorem, which are fpecified in the above tariff, the faid contracting parties will concert with each other as well the form of the declarations to be made, as also the proper means of preventing fraud with refpect to the real value of the faid goods and merchandizes. But if it fhall hereafter appear, that any mistakes have inadvertently been made in the above tariff, contrary to the principles on which it is founded, the two fovereigns will concert with good faith upon the means of rectifying them. Art. VII. The duties above fpecified are not to be altered but by mutual confent; and the merchandizes not above fpecified fhall pay, in the dominions of the two fovereigns, the import and export duties payable in each of the faid dominions by the moft favoured European nations, at the time the prefent treaty bears date; and the fhips belonging to the fubjects of the faid dominions fhall also respectively enjoy therein all the privileges and advantages which are granted to thofe of the most favoured European nations. And it being the intention of the two high contracting parties, that |