"c. OPERATION OF OTHER PRODUCTION FACILITIES.-Special mate rial may be produced in the conduct of research and development activities in facilities which under paragraph a. of this section are not required to be owned by the Commission.

"SEC. 43. IRRADIATION OF MATERIALS. For the purpose of increasing the supply of radioactive materials, the The Commission and per sons lawfully producing or utilizing special material are authorized to expose materials of any kind to the radiation incident to the processes of producing or utilizing special material.

"SEC. 44. MANUFACTURE OF PRODUCTION FACILITIES.-Unless authorized by a license issued by the Commission, no person may manufacture, produce, transfer, or acquire, import, export, or transfer or receive in interstate commerce any facilities for the production of special material production facility. Licenses shall be issued in accordance with such such procedures as the Commission may by regulation establish pursuant to this Act, and shall be issued in accordance with such standards and upon such conditions as will effectuate the policies and purposes of this Act. Nothing in this section shall be deemed to require a license for such manufacture, production, transfer, or acquisition incident to or for the conduct of research or development activities in the United States of the types specified in section 31, or to prohibit the Commission from manufacturing or producing such facilities for its own use.

"CHAPTER 6. SPECIAL MATERIALS

"SEC. 51. NEW SPECIAL MATERIALS.-The Commission may determine from time to time that other materials are special materials in addition to those specified in the definition of special material. Before making any such determination, the Commission must find that the material is capable of releasing substantial quantities of energy through nuclear fission or through nuclear transformation and must find that the determination of that material as special material is in the interest of the common defense and security, and the President must have expressly assented to the determinations. The Commission's determinations, together with the assent of the President, shall be submitted to the Joint Committee and a period of thirty days shall elapse while Congress is in session (in computing such thirty days, there shall be excluded the days on which either House is not in session because of an adjournament of more than three days) before the determination of the Commission may become effective: Provided, however, That the Joint Committee, after having received such determination, may by resolution in writing transmitted to the Commission, waive all or any portion of such thirty-day period.

"SEC. 52. GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP OF ALL SPECIAL MATERIAL.-All right, title, and interest within or under the jurisdiction of the United States, in or to any special material, now or hereafter produced, shall be the property of the Commission, and shall be deemed to be vested in the Commission United States and shall be administered and controlled by the Commission as agent of and on behalf of the United States by virtue of this Act. Any person owning any interest in any special material at the time of the enactment of this Act, or owning any interest in any material at the time when such material is hereafter determined to be a special material, or who lawfully produces any special material incident to privately financed research or development activities, shall be paid just compensation therefor. The Commission may, by action consistent with the provisions of paragraph 54 below, authorize any such person to retain possession of such special material, but no person shall have any title in or to any special material.

"SEC. 53. PROHIBITION.-It shall be unlawful for any person to (A) possess or transfer any special material, except as authorized by the Commission; or (B) export from or import into the United States any special material; or (C) except, subject to the limitations and conditions contained in section 10 (a) (3), as authorized by the Commission upon a determination by the President that the comm defense and security will not be adversely affected thereby pursuant to the provisions of section 123, directly or indirectly engage in the production of any special material outside of the United States. "SEC. 54. DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIAL MATERIAL.-Without prejudice to its continued ownership thereof, The Commission is authorized to distribute special material owned by it, with or without charge, to

applicants requesting such material (A) for the conduct of research or development activities either independently or under contract or other arrangement with the Commission, (B) for use in medical therapy, or (C) for use pursuant to a license issued under the authority of section 103, for which last use the Commission shall determine and charge a fair price. Such material shall be distributed in such quantities and on such terms that no applicant will be enabled to obtain an amount sufficient to construct an atomic weapon or other military weapon. The Commission is directed to distribute sufficient special material to permit the conduct of widespread independent research and development activity, to the maximum extent practicable. In determining the quantities of special material to be distributed, the Commission shall make such provisions for its own needs and for the conservation of special material as it may determine to be necessary in the national interest for the future development of atomic energy. The Commission shall not distribute any material to any applicant, and shall recall any distributed material from any applicant or licensee who is not equipped to observe or who fails to observe such safety standards to protect health and to minimize danger from explosion or other hazard to life or property as may be established by the Commission, or who uses such material in violation of law or regulation of the Commission or in a manner other than as disclosed in the application therefor.

"SEC. 55. The Commission is authorized to purchase or otherwise acquire any special material or any interest therein outside the United States, or any interest in facilities for the production of special material, or in real property on which such facilities are located, without regard to the provisions of section 3709 of the Revised Statutes. (U. S. C., title 41, sec. 5) upon certification by the Commission that such action is necessary in the interest of the common defense and security, or upon a showing that advertising is not reasonably practicable, and partial and advance payments may be made under contracts for such purposes. The Commission is further authorized to take, requisition, or condemn, or otherwise acquire any interest in such facilities or real property, and just compensation shall be made therefor.

"SEC.56. No person may utilize any special material which is the property of the United States, and no person may utilize or produce any special material which has been transported, or which is to be transported in interstate or foreign commerce except in accordance with the provisions of this Act and of any rules and regulations issued thereunder.

"SEC. 57. The Commission shall not distribute any special material to (A) any person for a use which is not under the jurisdiction of the United States, (B) any other nation, except pursuant to the provisions of section 123, or (C) any person within the United States if, in the opinion of the Commission, the distribution of such special material to such person would be inimical to the common defense and security.

"CHAPTER 7. SOURCE MATERIAL

"SEC. 61. NEW SOURCE MATERIALS.-The Commission may determine from time to time that other materials are source materials in addition to those specified in the definition of source material. Before making such determination, the Commission must find that the material is essential to the production of special material and must find that the determination of that material as source material is in the interest of the common defense and security, and the President must have expressly assented to the determinations. The Commission's determinations, together with the assent of the President, shall be submitted to the Joint Committee and a period of thirty days shall elapse while Congress is in session (in computing such thirty days, there shall be excluded the days on which either House is not in session because of an adjournment of more than three days) before the determination of the Commission may become effective: Provided, however, That the Joint Committee, after having received such determinations, may by resolution in writing transmitted to the Commission, waive all or any portion of such thirty-day period.

"SEC. 62. LICENSE FOR TRANSFERS REQUIRED.-Unless authorized by a license issued by the Commission, no person may transfer or deliver, receive possession of or title to, or transport or receive in interstate commerce or import into or export from the United States any source material after removal from its place of deposit in nature, except that licenses shall not be required for quantities of source materials which, in the opinion of the Commission, are unimportant.

"SEC. 63. ISSUANCE OF LICENSES. The Commission shall establish such standards for the issuance, refusal, or revocation of licenses as it may deem necessary, to assure adequate source materials for production, research, or development activities pursuant to this Act or to prevent the use of such materials in a manner inconsistent with the national welfare. Licenses shall be issued in accordance with such procedures as the Commission may by regulation establish pursuant to this Act.

"SEC. 64. REPORTING.-The Commission is authorized to issue such regulations or orders requiring reports of ownership, possession, extraction, refining, shipment, or other handling of source materials as it may deem necessary, except that such reports shall not be required with respect to (A) any source material prior to removal from its place of deposit in nature, or (B) quantities of source materials which in the opinion of the Commission are unimportant or the reporting of which will discourage independent prospecting for new deposits.

"SEC. 65. ACQUISITION.-The Commission is authorized and directed to purchase, take, requisition, condemn, or otherwise acquire, supplies of source materials or any interest in real property containing deposits of source materials to the extent it deems necessary to effectuate the provisions of this Act. Any purchase made under this paragraph may

be made without regard to the provisions of section 3709 of the Revised Statutes (U. S. C., title 41, sec. 5) upon certification by the Commission that such action is necessary in the interest of the common defense and security, or upon a showing that advertising is not reasonably practicable, and partial and advance payments may be made thereunder. The Commission may establish guaranteed prices for all source materials delivered to it within a specified time. Just compensation shall be made for any property taken, requisitioned, or condemned under this paragraph.

"SEC. 66. EXPLORATION.-The Commission is authorized to conduct and enter into contracts for the conduct of exploratory operations, investigations, and inspections to determine the location, extent, mode of occurrence, use, or conditions of deposits or supplies of source materials, making just compensation for any damage or injury occasioned thereby. Such exploratory operations may be conducted only with the consent of the owner, but such investigations and inspections may be conducted with or without such consent.

"SEC. 67. PUBLIC LANDS.All uranium, thorium, and all other materials determined pursuant to section 61 to be peculiarly essential to the production of special material, contained, in whatever concentration, in deposits in the public lands are hereby reserved for the use of the United States subject to valid claims, rights, or privileges, existing on the date of the enactment of this Act: Provided, however, That no No individual, corporation, partnership, or association, which had any part, directly or indirectly, in the development of the atomic bomb project, may benefit by any location, entry, or settlement upon the public domain made after such individual, corporation, partnership, or association took part in such project, if such individual, corporation, partnership, or association, by reason of having had such part in the development of the atomic bomb project, acquired confidential official information as to the existence of deposits of such uranium, thorium, or other materials in the specific lands upon which such location, entry, or settlement is made, and subsequent to the date of the enactment of this Act made such location, entry, or settlement or caused the same to be made for his, or its, or their benefit. The Secretary of the Interior shall cause to be inserted in every patent, eonveyance, lease, permit, or other authorization hereafter granted to use the publie lands or their mineral resources, under any of which there might result the extraction of any materials se reserved, a reservation to the United States of all such materials, whether or not of commercial value, together with the right of the United States through its authorized agents or representatives at any time to enter upon the land and prospect for, mine, and remove the same, making just compensation for any damage or injury occasioned thereby. Any lands so patented, conveyed, leased, or otherwise disposed of may be used, and any rights under any such permit or authorization may be exercised, as if no reservation of such materials had been made under this subsection; except that, when such use results in the extraction of any such material from the land in quantities which may not be transferred or delivered without a license under this subsection, such material shall be the property of the Commission and the Commission may require delivery' of such material to it by any possessor thereof after such material has been separated as such from