Revenue. Francs. 2,793,273,965 1,913,943,149 2.195,781,78 1857 1.799,225,838 1,892,526,217 1858 1,871,381,904 2,178,739,135 1,858,493,891 Revenue. Francs. 1860 2,497,952,012 2,539,812,615 1861 2,453,198,761 2,549,511,399 1862 2,561,893,726 2,621,016,977 1863 2,583,927,861 2,629,510,989 1865 2,138,044,000 2,135,408,825 Expenditure. The wars and warlike movements of Napoléon have cost since his accession the following (exclusively of Mexico, which cost £10,000, 000 sterling more): Francs 1,348,000,000 345,000,000 166,000,000 50,000,000 28,000,000 89,000,000 - 2,026,000,000 Supplementary expenses Total The debt of France is as follows: Funded Floating Other debt. By popular loans France has raised, since 1854, very vast sums at low rates of interest, and her debt has increased from £213,000,000 in 1851, to £483,000,000 in 1863. 3. AUSTRIA. The debt of Austria has continually been increasing, and in 1860 it amounted to: Description of Debt. Obligations (to be repaid) not bearing interest.. New debt-Terminable (date of repayment not determined). Bearing interest. Not bearing interest. Terminable (date of repayment fixed). Bearing interest... Floating debt... Lombardo-Venetian debt. Old debt-Lottery loans. Florins. Bearing interest. Not bearing interest. Other debt, bearing interest. 85,365,810 163,995 934,271 853,292 Total old debt........Florins 87,317,368 1,621,502,725 35,769 194,065,162 24,166,451 The nationalities of the Austrian people are as follows: The population of Austria is divided, with respect to race and language, into the following nationalities, according to an official es Russians.. Croats..... .2,200,000 Italians (inclusive of Latins and .1,360,000 Members of other races.. .1,430,000 According to the last census, the number of noblemen in the Austrian States amounts to 250,000. Hungary possesses the greatest number, having 163,000, among whom are mentioned 4 princely families, 84 with the title of Count, 76 of Baron, and 300 simple nobles. Galicia has 24,900 noblemen; Bohemia, only 5,260, which are divided into 14 princely families, 172 Counts, and 80 Barons. TRADE AND COMMERCE OF AUSTRIA.-The total value of the imports and exports of Austria was as follows, during the twelve years from 1851 to 1862: Imports. Year. Florins. 1851.....158,074,663. Imports. Exports. Exports. Florins. Year. 136,524,444 | 1857. 292,995,251. .242,363,721 1852.....209,329,840.....195,804,828 1858.....308,285.929.....275,599,871 1853.....207,262,290.....228,924,871 1859.....268,227,783....:292,363,721 1854.....219,165,017.....228,440,293 1860. ...231,226,702.....305,197,493 1855..... ..248,288,157. 244,134,142 1861. ..235,847,057. 307,680,155 ..301,144,329. .263,928,641 1862. 214,918,496. .333,853,018 The chief commodities imported into the United Kingdom from Austria are corn and flour, hemp, tallow, glass-beads, olive oil, quicksilver, currants, cream of tartar, lard, seed, sumach, sponge, wood, and wool. In 1862, the total value of the imports amounted to £1,179,802; in 1861, to £1,246,046; and in 1860, to £986,364. 1856..... DENMARK.-Income 1863, £1,841,499; expenditure, £1,814,864. The income has subsequently been reduced and the debt of the kingdom has increased until it reaches about £12,000,000 sterling. 4. BELGIUM.-Revenue 1863, £6,125,380; expenditure, £5,805,- . 279; debt, £26,219,442 in 1861, which had been reduced to about 25 millions in 1865. Population in 1830, 4,064,235; in 1863, 4,894,071. 5. GERMANY.-Trade and Commerce.-The Zollverein includes at present the whole of the States of the Confederation except Austria, the two duchies of Mecklenberg, Holstein, Lichtenstein, and the free cities of Hamburg, Lubeck, and Bremen. The whole of Prussia forms part of the Zollverein, including that portion not belonging to the Confederation. 1 According to the census of 1858, the cotton manufactures in the Zollverein employed, at that time, 300,000 men, women, and children. In that number Bavaria stands for 30,656, of whom 7,194 1 were employed in 33 spinning-mills, and 4,016 in weaving; 10,688 masters worked, on their own account, 19,141 looms, with the aid of 8,758 workmen. Saxony had 11,500 workmen engaged in the cotton trade. The cotton manufacture in Prussia, exclusive of the printing, dyeing, and dressing of wove goods, occupied, in 1858, 11,263 persons 6,933 employed in 127 spinning-mills; 28,220 in 715 manufactories, containing 4,747 steam or 18,644 hand looms; 38,078 masters working, for their own account, 76,269 looms, with the aid of 38,032 journey men. The following are the official returns of the customs revenue of the Zollverein during the years 1847-60. The division of this revenue is given under Prussia. The very limited amount of imports and exports, considering the population, is chiefly owing to the high duties imposed by the German Customs League being, in some instances, almost prohibitory. In 1859, Prussia laid before the Congress of the Zollverein a programme for the modification of the tariff, proposing to exempt totally all raw materials and provisions from import duty, and to reduce considerably the duties on foreign manufactures; but, as the decision of the Zollverein is based on the liberum veto, like that of an English jury, the conference was protracted for upwards of fifteen months, without having arrived at any definite result. 6. PORTUGAL.-Debt in 1862, £33,717,000 sterling. Her bonds stand at a low figure in the markets, though the revenue of the kingdom exceeds the expenditure revenue £3,000,000 sterling; expenditure, £2,500,000. 7. PRUSSIA.-Debt in 1865, £43,214,795. The national debt of Prussia dates from the reign of Frederick William II. King Frederick II., called the "Great," left at his death a treasure of seventytwo millions thalers, which not only was spent during the eleven years' reign of his successor, but a debt incurred of fifty millions. King Frederick William III. at first succeeded in reducing this debt to less than thirty millions; but the subsequent wars with Napoleon I. again increased the national liabilities. The debt amounted to 53,495,000 thalers, or £7,642,000, in the year 1805, and had risen to 217,975,000 thalers, or £31,139,300, in 1813. The French Government had to pay one hundred and forty-five millions of francs to Prussia for war expenses, according to the stipulations of the Treaty of Paris, and by these means, and subsequent large reductions in the expenditure, the national liabilities were reduced to 82,722,200 thaJers, or £11,817,457, which sum was formed into a consolidated debt by the law of May 2, 1842. Russia maintains an army of 812,000 on a peace footing, and 1,135,975 men on a war footing. Austria usually maintains a peace establishment of 288,061 men, which of late has been increased to 476,299, and in war-time generally exceeds 800,000 men. The Prussian army generally comprises 208,576 men, but in war-time this is raised to a mobilized army of 609,669, and a reserve (drawn from the Landsturm) of 104,414 men. The other parties to the probable struggle (the powers which must assist in deciding whether the Danish duchies shall be Prussian, German or Danish), the German Confederation, comprises the kingdoms of Saxony, Bavaria, Wurtemberg and Hanover, and the electorates of Hesse-Darmstadt, Baden, Hesse, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and Mecklenburg-Strelitz, with a host of other minor duchies and principalities. Their armies may amount on the whole to about 250,000 men, each contingent of which is under different commanders, and moved by different interests. The Reich usually appoints a commander-in-chief when the States in the Confederation decide for war; but the feelings of the political principles of the combined armies clash so frequently, that it is almost impossible to utilize their otherwise great strength. Italy, another probable party to the anticipated contest, has a standing army of 400,000, and could easily raise 200,000 more and keep them in the field. Excluding Russia, France, Belgium, Denmark, Sweden and Norway, and the armies of several other countries which will likely take the field if war breaks out, it would therefore, from this statement, be participated in at its outset by no less than 2,363,000 men! 8. RUSSIA. Revenue 1864 (gross), £60,164,219. The credit of Russia is not known in Europe. Her expenditures are kept down to the revenue standard, and her debt is only about £60,000,000 sterling. 9. SPAIN.-Debt in 1864, £146,541,000. The revenue of Spain has increased during the last few years, and continues to progress. In 1822 (when the large English loans were made to Spain upon which the payment of interest which accrued from 1841 to 1861 is still in dispute as the "Spanish certificate question") the total revenue of the country was only about £6,000,000 sterling. In 1850, the revenue actually received was... In 1855, In 1860, .£12,722,200 14,914,979 18,923,440 3,039,247 26,275,932 To which sum should be added "extraordinary" revenue, derived from sale of national property.. In 1864-5, the estimated revenue was... Which sum included £4,733,736, derived from recent sales of national property, as “extraordinary" revenue. The total amount of deficits during the last twenty years in Spain have accumulated, and form now a floating debt of about £10,500,000 sterling, as follows: During the whole of this period only one foreign loan for £3,000,000 in sterling has been negotiated, the rest of the deficits being covered by internal loans and the sale of Church and State property. 10. TURKEY.-Debt 1864, £31,070,000. Our authorities for the statements and figures of this article are Martin's Statesman's Manual, Bankers' Magazine, by S. Smith Homans, etc. ART. XI.-JOURNAL OF THE WAR-ENTERED UP DAILY IN THE CONFEDERACY: REPRESENTING THE VIEWS AND OPINIONS WHICH OBTAINED AND THE CONDITION OF THINGS WHICH EXISTED AT THE DATE OF EACH DAY'S ENTRY, IN THE CONFEDERATE STATES, OR IN PORTIONS OF THEM, WITH SUBSEQUENT NOTES, ETC. No. III.-BY THE EDITOR. WINNSBORO, S. C., JULY 10, 1862.-Federal accounts of the battle near Richmond represent their loss at 20,000, but estimate ours at 30,000, and our forces engaged at 200,000!! Four or five of their generals were wounded, and their army is reported safely encamped on the James River, and McClellan "confi dent of ability to repel all attacks." Chandler, in the Federal Senate, declared that no punishment was too great for the man n who put the army in the marshes of the Chickahominy, and consideres that McClellan or Lincoln is the culprit. Butler, at New Orleans, is visiting his penalties upon men and women charged with indecorum towards Yankee troops. Mrs. P. Phillips is sent to Ship Isl. and. She had been formerly imprisoned at Washington City. Several vessels have run the blockade and brought in invaluable and large cargoes of powder, saltpetre, sulphur, Enfield rifles and field pieces-among them some that were used by the Austrians at Solferino. Van Dorn speaks as follows from Vicksburg: HEADQUARTERS, VICKSBURG, June 28, 1862. DEFENDERS OF VICKSBURG:-The enemy are attempting to destroy this beautiful city, and a beroic people have determined to sacrifice it rather than give it up to the invaders of their homes. It may be considered, therefore, in ruins, for it may be battered down and burnt up, but the earth it stands upon is ours, and will never be given up. The shot and shell now playing through these streets, through lovely villas, and sacred churches, and deserted homes, are but "sound and fury, signifying nothing." The contest will commence when the enemy attempts to put his foot upon our soil. Stand coolly by your guns, and deliver your fire only when he comes too near. EARL VAN DORN, Major-General Commanding. The latest news from the Army of Virginia is thus condensed by the Whig: "Advices fron General Lee's lines, to noon yesterday, enable us to state that nothing of moment had occurred to that time since our last report. Our army occu pies a line about eight miles this side of Charles City Court-House, and extending nearly from the James to the Chickahominy. The enemy lies a short distance |