with as little risk, as the apple. I think either of them, is hardier than some varieties of the apple, the Baldwin, for one.

them except to those living in a favorable locality. They will do nothing with me; are very tender, and exceedingly liable to winter-kill. I can raise small trees because they are usually protected by the snow, which now, (April 18,) covers my nursery, in many places, from one to two feet deep. Wakefield, N. H., April 18. JOHN COPP.

REMARKS.-We shall be glad to hear from our correspondent again.

PROSPECT OF CROPS IN ENGLAND. The following articles are from the Mark Lane Express, a paper published at London, and devoted, exclusively, to the agricultural interests. These articles indicate that a very large amount of our agricultural products will be needed in England and France, so that there is every reason why our farmers should engage earnestly in seeding and cultivating. This, added to the fact that large numbers of our productive men are in the army, and consequently withdrawn from the cultivation of the soil, ought to be a sufficient stimulus for us to produce all we can.

I have thought a plan of this kind would be a good one, and I think it might well be tried by those persons, if there are any such, who are interested in the cultivation of this fruit, and who, not having met with as good success as they expected, have become somewhat discouraged, and have about come to the conclusion that pear culture is a failure. Select a piece of ground that has not been continually cultivated. A square rod or more, acording to the number of trees you wish to put out, near the gate where you turn your cattle into the pasture, which has been enriched by their continual droppings, would be an excellent spot. Prepare this, or any other piece of good, new land, as you would for any valuable crop, cabbages, for instance. Procure young and healthy trees of one year's growth from the bud or graft, twice as many as you may need-the overplus, will be wanted by some of your neighbors, and set them in rows, to suit your convenience, say 34 feet between rows, and two feet or more between trees. Put no manure among the roots. You can manure on the surface as much as you please. Keep the ground mellow, and free of weeds, by constant cultivation, or the whole surface thoroughly mulched. If you think your ground needs far- The paragraph which follows is from the Exther enriching at any time, the best way, and the press of April 14, and certainly presents rather a best season, is to spread a coat of manure, with a gloomy prospect for our transatlantic brethren: sprinkling of ashes, on the surface, late in autumn, and let it lie all winter. It may be removed in the spring, or forked in near the surface. If there is danger of the trees being thrown out by the frost, a heavy coat of mulch will remedy that. If they stand where the snow would be likely to break them down, train them in single shoots, stick a small stake perpendicularly, close to them, and tie them in several places fast to it. Let the trees remain till of suitable size for their final removal to the garden, or orchard.

In pursuing this course, several advantages will readily occur to the mind. The original cost and transportation will be small. They are more likely to live and grow well than larger trees, where they have to be procured from a distance. You can train them in a form to suit yourself, with branches high or low, by preserving or cutting back the leading shoot. When of suitable size to remove, you can select a good time for that purpose -a dull or misty day-can remove them one at a time, as convenient, without exposing the roots to drying weather, and you will have no breaking and bruising of the limbs by the rough handling on railroads. You will get better roots, for pear trees, as they are usually managed, with only one transplanting, that from the seed-bed to the nursery rows of a rich, deep trenched soil, are inclined, oftentimes, to grow with long, naked roots, Every removal promotes the growth of healthy,

fibrous roots.

The increasing wetness of the past week looked very ominous for the entire season. March having been rainy, it was to be hoped that the present month would have been genial and drier than usual, but the soil has now become flooded in low situations, and so generally saturated, that field labors were impracticable: warm and dry weather is seriously wanted. The grass and early sown corn have indeed been rapidly growing, but the latter is in danger of running into straw, and the wheat that was most forward was getting rank and spindly. But the weather has lately gone round to the other extreme, and much harm may now result from the sharp frost. We have, therefore, become much more dependent on foreign supplies, and there is already a greater firmness in the trade, notwithstanding good stocks and heavy arrivals, more especially of American flour.

The following, a week later, does not seem to promise much more for the crops than the foregoing:

The past week has varied, the opening being cold and harsh, followed by a heavy rain, and closing with a more genial temperature. The effects of the late changes have plainly told upon the growing crops, much of the wheat having become yellow and unhealthy in appearance; but, on the whole, a check to its luxuriance may be serviceable. More wire-worm has, however, been complained of, as well as misplant, and the first severe frost after so much rain, must have cut the pear blossoms and earlier fruit.

I have great confidence in setting young trees, and am preparing myself to supply the demand, should there be any market for them hereafter. The trees I now have growing, will be worth more In the last number of the Express which we to me, to grow a year or two longer. I will, how- have received, and dated April 28, we find the ever, supply a few for trial, of some good varieties, that succeed well here, such as Flemish Beauty, paragraph which follows. This looks a little more Urbaniste, Beurre d'Amalis, Rostiezer, &c. I encouraging, but still leaves room for some anxiehave a few Bartletts, but would not recommend ty in regard to the crops in Europe:

The past week has been highly favorable to the | come a woman; that with a woman's crown, she growing crops as well as to all field labors. The has received the woman's cross, which she is sowing of Lent corn has proceeded rapidly, and, henceforth to bear with enduring love and faith though late in the ground, in this uncertain cli- unto the end. Now prays she with the fervor of mate the last sown, may, in point of yield, be first. her youthful heart, though it may be perchance But the changeable character of the season is ex- for the first time, for with the birth of her child a hibited in the appearance of the young wheat. The new element has entered her heart, a new spirit clays in low situation having been swamped by has been born unto God.-JENNIE JUNE, in N. Y. the wet, look yellow and sickly. In the light soil Sunday Times. there is much misplant through wireworm, while the medium soils well in heart are yet full of promise, and the ripening of such may be early. The reduction of stocks, however, in farmers' hands becomes more evident, and the scanty provision sent by the near counties to the London market looks very much like exhaustion, as prices, considering the deteriorated condition of samples, are not low. Nor is London alone in limited supplies: many of the country markets have been getting very thin, insomuch that several have noted an advance of 1s. per qr.

LADIES' DEPARTMENT.

A BIRTH IN THE FAMILY.

WOMAN.

Place her among flowers, foster her as a tender plant, and she is a thing of fancy, waywardness and sometimes folly-annoyed by a dew-drop, fretted by the touch of a butterfly's wing, and ready to faint at the rustle of a beetle; the zephyrs are too rough, the showers too heavy, and she is overpowered by the perfume of a rose-bud. But let real calamity come, rouse her affections, enkindle the fires of her heart, and mark her then; how her heart strengthens itself—how strong is her purpose. Place her in the heat of battle-give her a child, a bird-anything she loves or pities, to protect and see her in a relative instance, lifting her white arms as a shield, as her own blood crimsons her upturned forehead, praying for life to protect the helpless.

Transplant her in the dark places of earth, call forth her energies to action, and her breath becomes a healing, her presence a blessing. She disputes, inch by inch, the stride of the stalking pestilence, when man, the strong and brave, pale and affrighted, shrinks away. Misfortune haunts her not; she wears away a life of silent endurance, and goes forward with less timidity than to her bridal. In prosperity she is a bud full of odors, waiting but for the winds of adversity to scatter them abroad-pure gold, valuable, but untried in the furnace. In short, woman is a miracle—a mystery, the centre from which radiates the great charm of existence.

It is strange how, while one soul is passing out of this world, another enters, all unconscious of the strange scenes of confusion which it is to witness, of the hand-to-hand struggle in which it is to be engaged. For some time, various small preparations and signs have given token of an expected event; a pair of bright, dark eyes have grown soft and thoughtful, crochet and brilliantcolored double zephyr have been thrown aside for tiny strips of cambric, fine soft flannel and white silk floss, the last of which the delicate hands weave into charming imitations of leaves and flowers. Very recently a small dainty bed, enveloped in the fleecy folds of a transparent canopy, which only half conceals marvellous frills and a perfectly miraculous quilt, (the work of Aunt Deborah, who once took a prize at the State Fair, for the handsomest coverlet on exhibition,) has taken its place, Take about two pounds of veal from the loin, timidly, at the foot of the imposing mahogany, evi- fillet, or any odd pieces you may have. Parboil dently awaiting for an occupant. This very morn- enough to clear it of the scum. If it is to be done ing it has found one, a tiny, rosy morsel, so done in a pot, make a very light paste, roll it out rather up in soft, warm wrappings, that no one can but thick, and having your pot well greased, lay it just get a glimpse of a little red nose, and the round the sides, cutting out pieces to prevent thick twinkle of something like eyes. Everybody says, folds, as the circle diminishes. Put in a layer of however, that it is a "beautiful baby," and the de-meat, with salt and pepper. Enrich it with butter, lighted papa astonishes a small boy who has rung the front door-bell for cold victuals, by giving him a quarter, instead of a cuff, as usual.

VEAL PIE.

or slices of salt pork, and dredge in a little flour. So proceed until you have put all in. Cover with paste, and cut a hole in the top for the escape of The dark eyes which but lately flashed so mis- the steam. Pour in a portion of the water in which chievously are now closed wearily, curtained by the meat was boiled." Set it over a slow fire; long lashes, which lay still on the white cheek.watch that it does not burn; and if it gets too Friends have congratulated; the proud father is dry, add more of the same water, through the hole full of tenderness and devotion; cherished hopes in the top. If you wish the crust brown, cover are realized. Yet at intervals a large tear forces the pot with a heater or bake-pan cover. It will its way down through the tightened eyelids, show-be done in an hour and a half. ing that one heart at least can hardly yet recognize its joy. Who shall fathom the depth of a young mother's thoughts as she holds for the first time, the child she has borne, to her breast? Who shall tell the profound emotion with which she dimly sees in her anticipated toy, the plaything, a human soul, a future man, whose strong will and fiery nature it is hers to mould for good or ill? Now, for the first time, she feels that she has be

If the pie is baked, make a richer crust, in the proportion of a pound of butter to two pounds of flour; put it in a pan, in the same manner as above; notch the edges of the paste handsomely, and bake about the same time.

To make the paste spoken of above, take three pounds of flour, to which allow a pound and a half of butter, or other shortening. Divide the butter in equal parts, and rub one portion into the flour.

BOSTON, JULY, 1862.

VOL. XIV.

NOURSE, EATON & TOLMAN, PROPRIETORS.
OFFICE....100 WASHINGTON STREET.

JULY.

Loud is the summer's busy song,
The smallest breeze can find a tongue
While insects of each tiny size
Grow teazing with the ir melodies,
Till noon burns with its blistering breath
Around, and day lies still as death.

JOHN CLARE.

NO. 7.

SIMON BROWN EDITOR.
HENRY F. FRENCH, ASSOCIATE EDITOR.

of the hay-field, with the management of the
mowing machine, the horse rake, &c. &c., which
are doing the drudgery, among us, that was per-
formed by the human machines which, under
taskmasters, gathered the harvests of old Rome,
in your day, most noble July-us!

ULY is a busy time
And this suggests a pleasant practical thougnt.
with the farmers the mission of machinery. We say a pleasant.
of New England. thought, because, in the first place, we look upon
It is the great hay- machinery as the most effective of all emancipa.
ing season here, as tors. "Slavery and the slave trade," says Ban-
it is also with the croft, "are older than the records of human soci-
farmers in many ety;" yet both history and observation show that
countries of the old slave labor has always been, and still is, confined
world. Indeed, so to that class of work which requires physical
generally is this strength rather than mental energy, or to those
the case in Europe, that, kinds of service which may be constantly superin-
before its name was tended by master and mistress, or by their hired
changed in honor of the overseers. Slaves have never been, to any extent,
great Cæsar, JULY was called Heu- employed in any branch of business in which cal-
monat, or the mowing month, a culation, thought, foresight or responsibility are
name far more appropriate, it would necessary. This principle is so well understood,
seem, than one which was chosen and so generally acted upon by slaveholders, that
merely to honor an individual whose laws have been enacted to prohibit the education
birth is said to have occurred in this of slaves, and, even in our own country, women
month.
have been imprisoned for teaching slaves their let-
ters! No, slaves are machines, and when their
tasks can be more promptly and cheaply executed
by the soulless engine, then, indeed, shall the op-
pressed go free. Slave labor, already driven from
the manufacturing centres of the world, seems to
have made its last stand on the broad fields of the
plantation. A machine once introduced there,
that shall harvest cotton as the McCormick or
Buckeye does wheat, would soon whistle the
death-knell of human servitude, provided the "ne-
cessities of war" do not anticipate the inevitable
destiny of hot air and steam.

If any thing could perpetuate a man's memory, or confer immortality upon a human being, surely to have his name borne down to posterity by one of the twelve months of the rolling year must be sufficient. But how signally has even this failed! Though the name of JULY is borne by the seventh month, how few of the living millions who speak or write that word are reminded of the dead monarch from whose title it was originally taken! Poor old Julius Caesar, though your name may be pronounced by our lips or written by our pens, it has no power to "keep your memory green" in our hearts. It does not remind us of you, but of a certain round of work which has become associated in our minds with July-prominent among which are the labors

In the second place, it is pleasant for us to think of machinery as the improver and elevator of the laboring classes generally. Especially at this season of the year, when the physical system is weak.

When is the best season to cut building timber other than evergreens-say oak, maple, beech, basswood, &c., to be cured in the old-fashioned way after it is in the frame? Our people differ An old clergyman is quoted as defining this time to be "when your knife is sharp." He was very much upon the subject; some say when the leaf is off; others when it is on-some say when certainly half right, for a smooth, clean cut is very the bark will run; others prefer the winter in essential to the healing of the wound. But there February. Another class, that when the sap is very great difference in the healing of wounds out of the wood, which they claim to be in sumon account of the season in which they are made. mer, while others maintain that that time is in Pruning done in March and April, especially if February. I have had but little experience, but large limbs are removed, often injures an orchard that little leads to the time when the bark will for life. The sap oozes from all the pores and runs down the bark, discoloring it and oftentimes peal, which is generally in the early summer. What say you? It is of importance to me just protection, decay begins, and in a few years you destroying it-called scalding. Without other now, and I should like to know.-G. CLARKE, have a hollow limb. East Springfield, March, 1862.