ted States, by citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign State.

OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES.

This court consists of a Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices, any five of whom may hold the court.

The salary of the Chief Justice is $5000,-and that of the Associate Justices is $4,500 each per annum.

Clerk. This court has a clerk, who is appointed by the court. He keeps his office at the seat of the national government, where all the proceedings of the court are entered and its records kept.

Terms. This court holds one session annually at the City of Washington, commencing on the second Monday of January in each year, and continues as long as the court esteem necessary.

Attornies and Counsellors. In order to be admitted as an Attorney or Counsellor of this court a person must have been for three years an Attorney or Counsellor of the su preme court of the State to which he belongs, and of fair private and professional character. He is then admitted on motion of some counsellor, in whom the court repose confidence, and who states that the applicant is entitled to admission.

OF THE CIRCUIT COURTS OF THE UNITED STATES.

The United States are divided into Circuits, called the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth seventh eighth and ninth circuits.

Judges. A Justice of the supreme court of the United

States, and a Judge of the District court of the District in which the court sits, hold these courts in the respective circuits; and in certain enumerated cases a Justice of the supreme court, may hold these courts alone.

Clerks. In general the clerk of each District court is clerk of the circuit courts held in his District.

Sessions. In most circuits two sessions of the circuit court are held annually; and at such times and places as congress directs by law.

Attornies Counsellors &c. Persons entitled to practise in the supreme or superior courts of the several States, are entitled to admission in the circuit courts of the United States, held therein, of course.

OF THE DISTRICT COURTS OF THE UNITED STATES.

The present number of the District courts of the United States, is thirty-five. They are established by congress, and are subject to be increased or diminished, as the public good requires.

Judges. The Judges of these courts are appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate

and hold their offices during good behaviour-subject, however, to removal for the same causes as the Judges of the supreme court.

Their number is at present twenty-seven-so that there is nearly one Judge for each District.

Clerk. The clerk is appointed by the court, he keeps his office at the place of holding the court, when it is held at only one place; and in case of its being held at more than one place, then at a place designated by the District Judge. He records the proceedings, decrees, and judgments of the court, and attends the sessions of the same.

Sessions. The times and places of holding the sessions of

these courts are prescribed by the laws of Congress, and two or more, are held in each District in a year.

Marshall. There is one Marshall for each District and Territory, who is appointed by the President, by, and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and holds his office for four years; subject to be removed at the pleasure of the President.

Chief powers and duties. He attends the District, and circuit courts, and supreme court, when sitting in the District for which he is appointed; and he executes throughout the District, all process directed to him, and issued under the authority of the United States. He may command all necessary assistance in the execution of his duty; and may appoint one or more deputies, who are removable from office at the pleasure of the Judge of the District Court, or the Circuit Court sitting in their District.

United States District Attornies. There is a District Attorney for each District, who is appointed by the President, by, and with the advice and consent of the Senate-and whose term of service is four years, subject to be removed at pleasure.

He prosecutes in his district, all delinquents for crimes and offences cognizable under the authority of the United States; and also all civil actions in which the United States are concerned, and in these latter acts under the direction of the Solicitor of the Treasury.

It is not thought advisable to define the respective jurisdictions of these courts of the United States. We have given the subject matter of their jurisdiction, and their organization, and that may suffice for the general reader.

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QUESTIONS ON THE PRECEDING.

In what courts is the Judicial power of the United States vested? How are the Judges of the United States appointed?

How long do they hold their office?

For what causes may they be removed?

To what cases does the Judicial power of the United States extend? Of what persons does the supreme court consist?

How many may hold this court?

What is the salary of the Chief Justice?

What is the salary of the Associate Justices?
How is the clerk of the supreme court appointed?

Where does he keep his office?

When, where, and how often, does this court sit?

What are the qualifications of Attornies &c., of this court?

How are they admitted?

Into how many circuits are the United States divided?

Who hold the circuit courts ?

Who are clerks of the circuit courts?

How many sessions of the circuit courts are held annually?
Who may be admitted as Attornies &c., of circuit courts?
What is the number of District Courts in the United States?
How many Judges are there of these courts?

How are the clerks appointed?

What are the duties of the clerks?

How many sessions of these courts are held in a District annually?

Is there a Marshall for each District, and how appointed?

Can you enumerate his chief powers and duties?

Can he appoint deputies?

What is said of United States District Attornies?

OF THE RIGHTS OF CITIZENS AND INHABITANTS OF THIS STATE.

1. No authority can be exercised over citizens, but such as is derived from or granted by the people. That the people are the source of all power, is the principle upon which

our government is based; and by our example the notion of the divine right of rulers is made ridiculous and false.

2. The citizen is not subject to any tax, duty, or imposition, without the assent of the people expressed by a law of the United States, or of this State. All laws being made by the people, through the medium of their representatives, the consent of the people is thus given to every tax and burden which the exigencies of government require.

3. The people have a right to keep and bear arms, and this for the security of freedom. The citizen is thus ever armed against foreign aggression, and prepared to encounter civil war, and becomes the sleepless sentinel of his liberties.

4. All inhabitants, who, from scruples of conscience, are averse to bearing arms, are excused therefrom, by paying an equivalent in money. This class is necessarily small, as a freeman rather esteems it a privilege, than a task, to bear arms in his country's defence.

5. No soldier can, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the owner's consent; nor in time of war, but in the manner prescribed by law. In arbitrary governments, soldiers are quartered in the houses of the subject at the pleasure of the State, and a grievous and unequal contribution is thus exacted from the private individual, whether in times of peace or war.

6. No member of this State can be deprived of the rights or privileges secured to a citizen, unless by the law of the land, or the judgment of his peers; and the trial by jury, in all cases heretofore used, remains inviolate for ever.

7. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, is for ever secured in this State to all mankind; and neither the Congress of the United States, nor the legislature of this State, can establish a religion by law, prohibit the free exercise of it, or give preference to one religion over another. Thus religious freedom is placed upon a firm basis, and for ever secured against the machinations of bigotry and fanaticism.