A. D. 1802 Botanical of surrounding land. It forms a conspicuous ornament to the principal approaches of the town. A Vaccine Establishment was connected with the Infirmary in 1802; and the Dispensary, another institution for the alleviation of human suffering, was founded in the same year. The Botanical and Horticultural Gardens, were laid out in 1836. They comprise 18 acres on a gentle declivity in the fertile vale of the river Porter. The principal entrance is through an elegant gateway of the Ionic order, on the model of the temple of Illyssus, at Athens, and the lower lodge, affording an entrance from the Eccleshall-road, is in the style of a Swiss cottage. The range of conservatories, more than 100 yards in length, is beautifully ornamented with Corinthian pillars. A long and spacious walk leads from the central conservatory to a circular sheet of water in which is a jet d'eau, and the grounds are tastefully embellished with every variety of exotic plants, and disposed into numerous walks, parterres of flowers, shrubberries, and plantations. The land was purchased by the proprietors at a cost of £4,000, and they have expended nearly £20,000 in bringing the gardens to their present state of perfection. The General Cemetery is situated on the opposite bank of the Cemetery. Porter. It was formed in April 1834, and enrolled in the High Court of Chancery, in October, 1835, and comprised a capital of £25,000, in shares of £25 each. The original or unconsecrated portion, containing 5 acres, 1 rood, and 17 perches, was opened as a place of sepulture for persons of every denomination, on the 30th July, 1836. In July, 1846, the company obtained an act of incorporation, with powers to enlarge and improve the cemetery, and other purposes, and on the 27th June, 1850, the new portion of the cemetery, containing 8 acres, 2 roods, 38 perches, was consecrated by his grace the archbishop of York, as a place of sepulture, according to the rites of the Established Church. In the centre of the unconsecrated cemetery, is a spacious chapel in the early Grecian style of architecture, with a Doric colonnade in front, imparting to the structure an imposing aspect; and on the summit of the acclivity is erected a magnificent house, originally intended for the use of the chaplain, but now occupied by the secretary. The north-western approach to the cemetery, is through a beautiful avenue of trees; and under a lofty archway at the entrance, is situated the Registrar's Office, and the Sexton's House. The serpentine walks, terraces of catacombs, shrubberies and dells, rendering it a retired and romantic retreat for the living, and a secluded and solemn repose for the dead. The company has constructed a new road, forming a more convenient approach, extending from South-street to Sharrow-head. On an eminence in the consecrated portion is erected an elegant church, in the Gothic style, having a richly decorated tower and spire, 147 feet high, and forming a conspicuous object from every part of the town. The unconsecrated portion was constructed under the direction of Mr. Samuel Worth, architect, at an expense of £13,000, and the consecrated part was completed under the superintendence of Messrs. Flockton and Son, architects, at an expense of about £12,000. This cemetery is now unequalled by any local cemetery in England, and the liberal and philanthropic proprietors, who commenced and have completed the undertaking, deserve, and may justly claim, the gratitude of the town at large. The sources of instruction to the adult and juvenile population, by means of well furnished libraries, a literary and philosophical society, mechanics' institutions, a free grammar school, and schools founded by benevolent individuals, are truly ample; whilst the charities for the relief of the poor and indigent are conspicuous in every direction. In this respect, the town will bear comparison with any other place in the kingdom. The Workhouse is on a very extensive scale, the poor law union, comprising three townships of the parish, together with the parish of Handsworth. A. D. 1850 Amongst the eminent persons who were born at Sheffield, or Eminent have flourished there, may be mentioned, the Rev. Dr. Robert Men. Sanderson, bishop of Lincoln; the Rev. Mr. Balguy, an eminent disputant in the Bangorian Controversy: Chantrey, the celebrated sculptor, who was born at Morton, a village about three miles from the town: James Montgomery, Esq., the poet; Mrs. Hofland, the celebrated authoress; Ebenezer Elliott, author of the "Corn Law Rhymes," &c. &c. &c. Sheffield gives the title of Baron and Earl to the Harewood family. THE NEW MARKET HALL.-This new market accommodation is Market provided by and at the sole cost of his grace the Duke of Norfolk, the Hall. lord of the manor of Sheffield, under the authority of a special act of parliament giving powers for the removal of the market from the contracted, and in many respects inconvenient uncovered space, lying between King-street and Castle-street. It stands upon the site of the defunct Tontine Hotel, which, with its numerous appurtenances, were removed to make room for it. The boundaries are the old Haymarket to the front, Dixon-lane and Castle Folds latterally, and the short cross street from the bottom of Dixon-lane to Castle Folds in the rear. The new market accommodation does not properly end here, however. It is a part of the design to extend the market area up to the back of the Corn Exchange, which will afford room for the introduction of vegetables in bulk. But the whole of the intended space cannot be made available for the carrying out of this plan, without the clearing away of the Exchange brewery, and that is not intended to be effected until the expiry of the present occupier's lease, about five years hence. The hall, which is totally unobstructed by columns of any description, is 296 feet in length, and 75 feet in width, exclusive of the side shops. Total external length 306 feet; total external width 116 feet; internal height to the tie-rod of the roof, about 40 feet; total A. D. 1834 external height from Castle Folds to the apex of the pediment 80 feet. The market-hall internally is surrounded by shops, each 18 feet by 12 feet, having a store chamber above, and a store cellar beneath, of the same dimensions. On each side of the hall there are twenty of these shops, uniform in appearance and dimensions. The rooms at the ends are larger. One is the office of the clerk of the markets, and other shops, &c. There are six entrances to the market, two from the old Haymarket, one in Dixon-lane, one in Castle Folds, and two towards the Corn Exchange. Architecturally, the building is designed in the Tuscan order, that possessing in an eminent degree the requisites for such an erection-simplicity and boldness of detail. A rusticated basement forms the lower portion of the building, where the great fall of the ground admits of it, upon which stands the central hall, the shops answering to the antæ, upon the model of the Roman basilica, or hall of justice. The two principal facades consist of engaged colonnades, supporting a pediment at either extremity of the structure. The quoins of the building are rusticated in a bold and peculiarly effective style, and the large masses of fine gritstone used in the construction of the building have excited the admiration of all conversant with masonry. In the pediment of the old Haymarket front are sculptured the arms of Henry Charles, the present Duke of Norfolk, beautifully executed in alto-relievo, by Cox, in hard freestone. The material of the building is fine hard brick with stone dresEntrances sings. The six entrances to the market are closed by massive gates of wood with panels of iron. The panels are of elaborated design, each being bordered by a frame of arabesque ornament, with the initials of the founder of the market at the angles. A delicate and yet strong geometric lattice work fills up the central portion of the panels, into which are introduced the motto and the venerable coat of arms of the Norfolk family. The great hall is roofed in a single span, constructed on the tension principle, and is admirably lighted by immense sheets of rough plate glass in three broad rows, of a light green tint. The pavement is laid with the famous Yorkshire landings," from the Green Moor quarries, the stones being five inches thick, and none of them containing less than twelve superficial feet. The arrangement of the hall internally, consists of a central and two side avenues, adjoining to which are rows of spacious stalls for the sale of vegetables and general market produce. In the centre of the hall is a fountain, 15 feet in height, for supplying the market with that essential element, water. At the lower end of the market is a large illuminated clock, enclosed beneath a semicircular pediment, with a panel and the date of the completion of the building below. It is surmounted by an ornamental frame of iron-work, within which is suspended the market bell, which is made to form a portion of the design, after a fashion not unusual on the Continent. The hall is lighted at night with gas, by lanterns suspended from the roof. The basement or sub to the Market. structure of the market is occupied by twelve store cellars of noble dimensions, approached by lateral avenues from Dixon-lane and Castle Folds, sufficiently wide to admit wheeled carriages. These cellars, being dry, well-ventilated, and spacious, will no doubt be found exceedingly useful and perfect for the storing away of market produce, &c. &c. Viewed as a whole, the distinguishing characteristics of the new Market Hall, are propriety and fitness. The architects are Messrs. Weightman, Hadfield, and Goldie, and this last new structure will enhance their professional reputation in no small degree. In its design and execution they have consulted the most approved buildings of its kind in the country, and the result is a combination of advantages and effects not previously realized in any one building. When his grace the Duke of Norfolk visited Sheffield in September last, he minutely inspected the arrangements of the market, and was pleased to express to Mr. Hadfield, his perfect satisfaction with the manner in which the work had been designed and executed. The contractor of the building is Mr. R. T. Carlisle, who has given great satisfaction by the way in which he has carried out the plan of the architects. The cost of the entire building is about £16,000. On Tuesday, December 2nd, 1851, the new Market Hall having been virtually completed, was used for the first time in furtherance of the cause of temperance, under the presidency of the mayor. There was a soiree and ball, attended by 1600 persons. The actual opening of the market for business purposes took place on Christmas Eve. A. D. 1850 The population of the Union, according to the census of 1851, Population. was 141,513, composed of 70,532 males, and 70,981 females. It is calculated that of this number, nearly 120,000 live in the town and its immediate neighbourhood, which embraces seven-eighths of the buildings and population of the townships of Eccleshill, Bierlow, and Brightside Bierlow, and more than half of those of Nether Hallam. The number of houses, by the same return, was 28,958. About eight miles (north) from Sheffield, is Wortley Hall, the seat of Lord Wharncliffe; it is an elegant mansion, situated Hall. in grounds tastefully laid out and enriched with flourishing plantations. The interior is furnished on a scale of great magnificence. This place, which had been for many generations the property and residence of the Wortley family, was, on the demise of Sir Francis Wortley, Bart., the last male heir, conveyed, by marriage with his daughter and heiress, to the Hon. Sidney Montague, second son of the the first Earl of Sandwich, and ancestor of the present owner. It comprises about 6,278 acres, of which 2,000 are woodland, and the remainder arable, meadows, and pastures. The village is pleasently situated, and consists of neat cottages, to each of which Lord Wharncliffe has attached a portion of land for garden ground, rent-free, as a stimulus to industry and economy. Wharncliffe, A. D. 1850 which gives the title of baron to the Wortley family, is about six miles north-west of Sheffield, anciently called Wharncliffe Chase. Here the hills are finely clothed with native woods, and rise boldly, though not abruptly, from the banks of the Don, till they place the visitor on an elevation, from which he commands a prospect rich, varied, and extensive, as the eye can behold. Lady Mary Wortley Montague, after travelling over Europe, speaking of a little Belvidere, which she had constructed in the neighbourhood of the city of Avignon, says, "it commands the finest land prospect ever beheld, except Wharncliffe." On one of the highest peaks of these hills is. a lodge, built in 1510, by Sir Thomas Wortley, to afford him the pleasure (as an inscription cut on the face of the rock informs the reader) of hearing the Harts bells. Wharncliffe is the scene of the old ballad of "the Dragon of Wantley," and a cleft in the rocks is now called the "Dragon's Den." Parish. BRADFORD. Bradford is the principal seat and emporium of the worsted manufacturers, and, it may now be added, of the stuff trade also. The parish comprises the townships of Allerton, North Bierley, Bowling, Bradford, Clayton, Eccleshill, Heaton, Manningham, Shipley, and Wilsden, and the chapelries of Haworth, Horton, and Thornton. The borough includes the four townships of Bradford, Manningham, Bowling, and Horton; and the Union, formed under the new poor law act, comprises all the thirteen townships of Bradford parish, except Haworth. It also comprehends the nine townships of Bolton, Cleckheaton, Drighlington, Hunsworth, Idle, Pudsey, Tong, Calverley, and Farsley. These townships are placed under the control of a board of 32 guardians, in addition to five magistrates residing within the Union, who are ex-officio members of the board. For the purposes of the Registration Act, the Union has been divided into 13 districts, for each of which a Registrar of births, marriages, and deaths is appointed. This act was passed to meet the objections of dissenters to the forms and ceremonies of the Estabished Church. Bradford, during the heptarchy, formed part of the extensive parish of Dewsbury, from which it appears to have been separated soon after the Conquest. The manor, which in the domesday survey, is described as a barren waste, was given to Ilbert de Lacy, who attended the Conqueror from Normandy, and fought under his standard at the battle of Hastings. This personage had also 150 manors in the county, which he formed into a seigniory, called the Honour of Pontefract; and in the same family was vested likewise the barony of Clitheroe, in the shire of Lancaster. There is evidence of a castle existing at Bradford in the time of the Lacies, |