A. D. 1852 and in New Delph, and several other villages, are many handsome private residences. For all civil purposes, Saddleworth-cum-Quick, is now considered a distinct parish; but in ecclesiastical matters, it is subject to the vicar of Rochdale. The old chapel, dedicated to St. Chad, is still existing, but the greater portion was re-built in 1833; it contains 1,104 sittings, of which 872 are free. In the north aisle, is a tablet to the memory of John Winterbottom, paymaster of the 52nd Regiment, who was born at Saddleworth in 1781, and died at Barbadoes, in November, 1838. He served with distinction, as a private at Ferrol; as sergeant-major at Copenhagen and Vimeira; and as lieutenant and adjutant, in all the great engagements immediately preceding Waterloo, at which memorable action he was also present. The tablet was erected by the officers of his regiment and other military friends, to commemorate his bravery as a soldier, and his worth as a man. There are churches in the other districts, as well as places of worship for dissenters. There is also a Free School, National Schools, a Mechanics' Institution, and other establishments for the promotion of education. At Greenfield are some interesting natural curiosities, consisting of huge caverns, rocks, and formerly, a stupendous Population, rocking stone, with many Druidical remains. The population, according to the census of 1851, was 17,779, of which 8,834 were males, and 8,965 females, showing an increase of nearly 1,000 since the previous returns. The number of houses, in 1851, was 3,762. SCARBOROUGH. The origin of Scarborough, a celebrated bathing place in the North-riding, has not been satisfactorily ascertained. The earliest authentic record of it is a charter of Henry II., conferring certain privileges on the inhabitants, and in the reign of the succeeding monarch, another charter was granted for making a new pier at Scardeburgh, as it was then called. In the reign of Stephen the erection of a castle took place, an account of which is contained in the first volume of this work. Piers Gaveston, the favourite of Edward II., took refuge in the castle in 1212, from the attacks of the confederate barons, against whose attacks he, for a considerable time, maintained the fortress, till a scarcity of provisions obliged him to surrender. In this reign the town was burnt by the Scottish forces, which were headed by Robert Bruce, their king. The town is beautifully and romantically situated in the recess of a fine open bay, on the coast of the North Sea, and consists of numerous streets, rising in successive tiers from the shore in the form of an amphitheatre; the beach, of firm and smooth sand, slopes gradually towards the sea. Belvoir Terrace and the Crescent form elegant ranges of mansions, and on the Cliff are numerous handsome private residences, and lodging houses for the accommodation of visiters, who arrive, either for the purpose of bathing, for which the sea, unimpaired in its properties by the influx of any stream of fresh water, is peculiarly favourable; or, for the benefit of the mineral springs, the efficacy of which has been for more than two centuries in high repute. These springs, which are saline chalybeates, were for some time lost by the sinking of a large mass of the cliff, in 1737, but were recovered after diligent search, and have ever since continued to flow with their original strength, and in unimpaired perfection. The water of the north and south springs was analysed in 1840, by Sir Richard Philips, by whom their several ingredients were made known to the public. In the year 1836, a tremendous storm washed away the old Spahouse, and in 1839, a new building, in the castellated style, was erected from a design of Henry Wyatt, Esq.; the saloon is 75 feet in length, and 17 feet wide, and is approached by beautiful walks cut in the cliff, and surrounded by plantations. Facility of access to the spas is obtained by a fine terrace, 100 feet above the level of the sands, forming a pleasant promenade, and by a handsome iron bridge of four arches, which connect the dissevered cliffs. This bridge, erected in 1827, is 414 feet in length, and 75 in height, and constitutes one of the principal ornaments of the town. There are several large bathing establishments, and a general sea-bathing infirmary is supported by public subscription, for the use of poor invalids. The usual places of entertainment are open during the season, and the visiter, whether in search of mere pleasure, or mental recreation, finds ample opportunity of gratifying his taste for either. The environs are beautifully diversified with hill and dale, and include much picturesque and romantic scenery. Oliver's Mount, about a mile from the town, approached by a gradual ascent, forms a very magnificent natural terrace, 500 feet above the level of the sea, commanding an interesting view of the castle, town, harbour, and piers, on one side, and overlooking the ocean on the other. The rides on the sands, and in the vicinity are pleasant, and the salubrity of the air, combined with the numerous objects of interest abounding in the neighbourhood, render Scarborough a favourite place of fashionable resort. Those who think proper to make excursions of a few miles, have presented to them the delightful attractions of Hackness, the seat of Sir J. V. B. Johnstone, Bart., M.P., Filey, Flamborough Head, Burlington, and Robin Hood's Bay. The town is supplied with fresh water by pipes from the hill, two miles distant, and likewise by a reservoir, capable of containing 4,000 hogsheads. The visiters to Scarborough, at one period, were confined to the opulent, the retired tradesman, and the middle A. D. 1852 A. D. 1852 High Tide. classes, but the establishment of a direct railway communication to the town has levelled all distinctions in travelling, at least; and the introduction of the " cheap trip" system now enables the humblest artizan, with his wife and children, to enjoy the invigorating sea breeze, and the beauties of nature, in common with the most favoured individual. The influx of this class of persons, and of others, engaged in industrial pursuits, together with Sunday school scholars, their parents, and teachers, is, during the season, very large, and (collectively) must benefit the inhabitants to a considerable extent. The foreign trade is principally with France, Holland, and the Baltic, from which wine, brandy, geneva, timber, deals, hemp, flax, and iron are imported: a considerable coasting trade is carried on in corn, butter, bacon, and salt-fish, with Newcastle, Sunderland, &c.; and with the port of London for groceries. The number of vessels of above fifty tons' burthen registered at the port, a few years ago, was one hundred and fifty-seven, and their aggregate tonnage 31,010. The harbour, though confined at the entrance, is easy of access, and safe and commodious within. It is protected by two piers, of which one is 1,200 feet in length, forty-two feet broad at the extremity, and in the intermediate lines varies from thirteen to eighteen feet in breadth. This pier having been found insufficient to prevent the accumulation of sand in the harbour, a new one was constructed, the breadth of which, at the foundation, is sixty feet, and at the curvature, where it is most subject to the action of the waves, sixty-three feet; it is forty feet high, forty-two feet in breadth at the top, and 1,200 feet in length, and was designed by Smeaton, the celebrated engineer. Several steam packets touch at the port every week, on their passage between London and Edinburgh. The fishery, formerly carried on to a considerable extent, has for some years declined; the principal fish taken are turbot, soles, ling, cod, plaice, lobsters, and crabs. A very extensive herring fishery is also now carried on; and near the town are suitable premises for curing the fish, which are considered equal, if not superior, to the Yarmouth bloaters. There is an establishment for ship building, and several manufactories for cordage. On Saturday morning, January 10th, 1852, Scarborough was visited by one of the highest tides which has occurred for the last twenty years, and which was considerably increased by a violent storm of wind from the north-west. The heavy coping of the Spa walls was washed down even with the platform for several yards ; and some of the large stones, upwards of six feet long and eighteen inches square, were removed to a great distance. Thousands of tons of sand, the accumulation of years, were washed away between the pier and Mill Beck. Considerable damage accrued to the fences on the sand side; and the furniture in one of the houses was partially washed out of it. The shipping in the harbour, unusually large at the time, sustained much injury; and the pier on the south side of the entrance to the outer harbour, also received great damage. At night, the town was again visited with a severe hurricane, by which the roofs and chimneys of several houses were blown off, occasioning, as may be supposed, no small alarm to the inmates. A. D. 1852 The Parish Church, which was formerly a spacious and magni-Churches. ficent structure, with three noble towers, sustained considerable damage during the time of the Civil war, and now retains but few portions of its ancient character. There are two other churches, one called Christ's, and the other St. Thomas's Church; the former is a handsome edifice, erected in 1828, at a cost of £8000, and the latter, built in 1840, by private subscription, aided by a grant of £300. A place of worship is provided for fishermen; and there are chapels for the Methodists, and for the various denominations of dissenters. The educational institutions of Scarborough consist of a Free Grammar School, a National school, and an Amicable society, which provides clothing in addition to instruction. There are hospitals for maimed and disabled seamen, or their widows, and aged and infirm persons, besides several charitable bequests for distribution among the poor. Scarborough gives the title of Earl to the family of Lumley. tion. The town received its first charter from Henry II., in 1181, Charter of which was subsequently confirmed and extended by various sove- Incorporareigns; but the borough is now divided into two wards, and the corporation consists of a mayor, six aldermen, and eighteen councillors. The municipal boundaries are co-extensive with those for parliamentary purposes; and the number of magistrates is eight. The following gentlemen have filled the office of mayor since the passing of the Municipal Act : The inhabitants first exercised the elective franchise in the 23rd of Edward I., since which time time it has regularly returned two members to parliament. The right of election is now extended to the £10 householders. A. D. 1852 The representatives since the passing of the Reform Bill have been as follows: Population. 1835 Sir Frederick W. Trench, Bart. 1837 Sir Frederick W. Trench, Bart. 1841 Sir J. V. B. Johnstone, Bart. 1851 George Frederick Young. The election of 1851 was occasioned by the Earl of Mulgrave having accepted office, as Comptroller of Her Majesty's household, vacant by the death of the Right Hon. William Sebright Lascelles. Mr. Young came forward as a decided "protectionist," and the noble earl, who is a free trader, was defeated. The Poor Law Union of Scarborough comprises thirty-three parishes or places; and the population, in 1851, was 24,611; comprising 11,679 males, and 12,932 females; and the number of houses at the same period was 5,473. HACKNESS, six miles north-west of Scarborough, is a small village in a most romantic situation, in a delightful vale, from which several others run in various directions of the country. The principal road thither from Scarborough, lies over Haybrow, a lofty eminence, from the summit of which is a noble view of the castle, the coast, and the ocean: the subjacent country, and the village of Scalby, also form a picturesque landscape. In the descent from this hill to the vale of Hackness, the road lies along the precipitous edge of a glen, of which the sides are adorned with lofty trees. This deep and picturesque ravine, which lies to the left of the road, meeting at length with another from the right, which is equally romantic, their junction forms the commencement of the valley of Hackness. On proceeding a little way farther are two other glens, of which the declivities to the bottom are covered with a profusion of wood. At the western extremity, the valley divides itself into two branches; one of these, in which the village of Hackness is seated, runs into the moors; through the other the Derwent pursues its course towards the village of Ayton. The hills which surround the vale of Hackness, are from one hundred to one hundred and twenty yards in perpendicular height, and their steep declivities are profusely adorned with lofty trees of the richest foliage. The hand of nature, indeed, has here been lavish of her embellishments, and has moulded these sylvan scenes into such different forms and projections, as render them at once sublime and beautiful. Springs of water bursting from |