A. D. Europe. He died on the 12th of May, 1782, in the 66th year of his age, rich in property, and abounding in Christian virtue. At these great iron works, there were manufactured, during the wars 1852 with America and France, immense quantities of cannon of the largest calibre, and almost every kind of cast-iron articles, as well as many of wrought iron. The large iron bridges of Sunderland, Yarm, and Staines, and also, Southwark Bridge, London, were cast here. The Walkers commenced a bank in Sheffield and Rotherham in 1792, but in 1836, it was transferred to a Joint Stock Company. After the peace of 1815, when there was no longer a demand for military and naval stores, they gave up their extensive works; and from the immense number of hands thrown out of employment, Rotherham seemed doomed to speedy decay. The premises, however, were divided, and let off to more humble speculators, and since that period, the iron and steel works have continued to increase. Since the establishment, at Masborough, of a station of the North Midland Railway, by which vast quantities of sheep and cattle are sent weekly to Manchester, Liverpool, and other towns, a wonderful increase has taken place in the value of landed property; and the facility of advantageous intercourse with distant parts by that line of conveyance, promises to render it one of the principal seats of manufacture and commerce. Streets, intersecting each other at right angles, and forming direct approaches from Rotherham and the neighbourhood, to the railway station, are in the course of formation; and the design, when completed, will render it one of the most important towns in this part of the country. A spacious hotel, for the accommodation of passengers by the railway, and some handsome dwelling houses, have been built. The railway station is a spacious and handsome building of stone, opposite the end of New-street; and a branch diverges from the North Midland line at this place to Sheffield. A great increase has taken place in the number of manufacturing Manufacestablishments. Among these last are the Effingham Iron Works, Establishincluding an extensive Pottery, by James Yates, Esq., of Barbot ments. Hall; the Warrington Steel Works, erected in 1842, at a cost of £20,000, by Messrs. Stubs, of Warrington; the steel works of Messrs. Grant and Lilley; the forges belonging to Messrs. Knowles and Brown, and Messrs. Sandford, Son, and Owen, for engines, and all kinds of machinery; the works of Isaac Dodds, Esq., of Hall Carr House, Sheffield; the glass works of Messrs. Clark and Beatson; the chemical works of Mr. W. Beatson; and a timberyard belonging to Mr. John Singleton, of Carr House. The population of Masborough is between 6,000 and 7,000. At SWINTON, five miles from Rotherham, the manufacture of Swinton. china and earthenware is carried on to a considerable extent at the Don Pottery, which employs a large number of hands: a manufac tory belonging to Earl Fitzwilliam, now closed, produced, some years since, a splendid dessert service for the royal table, and many A. D. 1852 Wentworth. Wentworth articles of great taste and elegance for several of the nobility; the Rockingham porcelain, which obtained great and deserved celebrity, was manufactured here. The river Don, and the Dearne and DoveNa vigation, form a junction at Swinton, by the latter of which coal is brought from the collieries of Earl Fitzwilliam and others, in and near the celebrated Worsbro' Dale. Charles Green, the astronomer, who accompanied the celebrated Captain Cook, in his voyage round the globe, was a native of Swinton. About five and a half miles from Rotherham is WENTWORTH, which belonged, from a very remote period,-(anterior to the existence of any authentic records,)—to a family who adopted for their surname that of the township. The most remarkable member of this family was Sir Thomas Wentworth, the second baronet, celebrated in history as Earl of Strafford, after whose attainder and execution in 1641, his estates and titles were restored to his son William, who, dying without issue in 1695, left his estates to the Hon. Thomas Watson, third son of his eldest sister Anne, who had married Edward Watson, Lord Rockingham. Mr. Watson, on succeeding to his uncle's property, assumed the name of Wentworth, in addition to his own, and, dying in 1723, left an only son, Thomas, who, on the revival of the order of the Bath in 1725, was installed one of the first knights; he was elected a representative for the county of York in the first parliament of George II., and in 1728, was raised to a peerage under the title of Lord Malton. In 1734, he was created Earl of Malton, and in 1746, Marquis of Rockingham, having succeeded to the barony of Rockingham, on the death of the Earl of Rockingham, the head of his paternal family, the year preceding. He died in 1750, and was succeeded by his only surviving son, Charles, after whose demise, in 1782, the estate of Wentworth devolved upon William, the late Earl Fitzwilliam, his nephew, son of his eldest sister, Anne, who had married William, the preceding earl. The ancient mansion of the Wentworth family, originally called Wentworth Woodehouse, was re-built at various times by the first Marquis of Rockingham, who gave it the modern appellation of Wentworth House. The present magnificent edifice covers about two acres of ground. It consists of a centre and two wings, and has a front of exquisite architecture, 600 feet in length; the portico is peculiarly elegant; the hall is sixty feet square, and forty feet high, with a gallery ten feet wide running round the whole, which is supported by eighteen Ionic pillars, the intervening niches of which are ornamented with fine marble statues. The gallery at the end of the hall is 130 feet long by eighteen feet wide, and there are spread over the various apartments a number of exquisite paintings, from the pencils of Guido, Paul Giordano, Caracci, Titian, Luca Giordano, and Spagnoletto. The museum also contains a number of fine antiques, which claim the admiration of the virtuoso. The park comprises 1,500 acres of beautifully variegated ground, A. D. 1852 richly clothed with wood, and embellished with expanses of water. Out of the bosom of these majestic woods rises a graceful Ionic column, erected by the Marquis of Rockingham, to commemorate the acquittal of his gallant friend, Admiral Keppel. But the chief object of admiration is the mausoleum, erected by the late Earl Mausoleum Fitzwilliam, in honour of his revered uncle. This superb monument, which is built of free stone, stands on an eminence to the right of the grand entrance into the park from the Rotherham road. The height is ninety feet, and it consists of three divisions. The first is a square Doric basement; the second story is of the same form, but of the Ionic order, each of its four sides opening into an arch, and disclosing a beautiful sarcophagous, standing in the centre; on the frieze of the entablature over the arches, is this inscription in Roman characters: "This Monument was erected by Wentworth, Earl Fitzwilliam, 1788, to the Memory of Charles, Marquis of Rockingham." This is surmounted by a cupola, supported by twelve columns of the same order; and at each corner of the railing which encloses this superb structure, is a lofty obelisk. But the most interesting part is the interior of the lowest story; this is an apartment rising into a dome, and supported by eight columns, encircling a white marble statue of the departed marquis, in his robes, as large as life, by Nollekins. In the four recesses of this apartment are placed fine white marble busts of Edmund Burke, and the Duke of Portland; Frederick Montague, and Sir George Saville; Charles James Fox, and Admiral Keppel; John Lee, and Lord George Cavendish. The statue of the marquis stands on a square pedestal, on one side of which his titles are inscribed, and the other three pay a just and noble tribute to his memory in prose and in verse, the first by Edmund Burke, and the second by Frederick Montague. It is justly said of him, that "the object of his public life was, to give stability to the liberties of his country; security to its landed property; increase to its commerce; independence to its public councils, and concord to its empire.' "These were his ends. For the attainment of these ends, his policy consisted in sincerity, fidelity, directness, and constancy." The virtues of his private life adorned his public character. And, "a sober, unaffected piety, the basis of true morality, gave truth and permanence to his virtues." His successors are reminded, that this monument is not built to entertain the eye, but to instruct the mind; and they are not inattentive to the daily monitor; their private virtues, and their public worth prove them to be the legiti mate representatives of the house of Wentworth. No sacrifice is too great for them to make, that the maintenance of the laws, and the liberties of their country require. Alike unallured by the smiles, and unawed by the frowns of courts, they fearlessly discharge their public duties as senators and as Britons; and consider all power, whether it be that of a sovereign, or of his viceroy, as a delegation only to be held for the benefit of the people. This is A. D. true nobility. Of the antiquity of the family, it is therefore unnecessary to speak, though it is more than coeval with the Norman 1852 Conquest; and it is recorded, that Sir William Fitzwilliam distinguished himself in the battle of Hastings, fought in the year 1066. Death of Explosion The chapel is a neat, plain structure, and contains many monuments to the Wentworths, among which is one to Thomas, Earl of Strafford. A girls' school and an infants' school were erected by the present Earl Fitzwilliam, a few years ago. The unexpected death, by fever, of that promising young nobleman, Viscount Milton, in 1836, excited a general feeling of regret ; and, under the peculiar circumstances which existed at the time, caused no small degree of speculation among the family connections. His lordship had married Lady Selina Jenkinson, one of the daughters of the late Earl of Liverpool; and her ladyship was enceinte at the period of her lamented husband's decease. Some weeks elapsed before her accouchement, and it may easily be imagined what a period of anxious suspense this must have been, not only to the heir-apparent, but to all the members of this noble house, inasmuch as on the issue, depended whether the title and estates would continue in a direct line, or whether they would diverge into the Liverpool family. The birth of a daughter, in due season, confirmed the original descent, and Earl Fitzwilliam's second son then became Viscount Milton; he married in 1838, Lady Frances Douglas, eldest daughter of the Earl of Morton, by whom he has several children. In the month of November, 1851, at a chapter of the most noble order of the garter, held by her Majesty at Buckingham Palace, Earl Fitzwilliam was elected a companion of that illustrious order, the riband having become vacant by the death of the Earl of Derby. The Duke of Wellington assisted the Queen in the performance of the ceremony. A heart-rending catastrophe occurred in December, 1851, at Rawmarsh, two miles from Rotherham, by an explosion in the Warren Vale Colliery, the property of Earl Fitzwilliam, and worked by Messrs. J. and J. Charlesworth. This event, by which upwards of fifty men and boys lost their lives, resulted from the falling of the roof of one of the mines, occasioning an irruption of foul air into that part where the unfortunate persons were working. Some idea may be formed of the effect of the explosion, when it is stated that a man standing at the door of a cottage, upwards of a mile distant, was completely blackened! A subscription was entered into for the purpose of meeting the necessities of the destitute widows and orphans of those who perished. SADDLEWORTH. This district, which is seven miles in length, and about five in breadth, is of considerable historical interest. At the time of the A. D. 1200 Conquest, the place was constituted a manor; and in the year 1200, William de Stapleton, to whom it then belonged, founded a chapel for his tenants, and made it subordinate to the mother church of St. Chad, Rochdale. From the Stapletons, the manor was purchased by the Ramsdens; it subsequently passed into other families, and was ultimately divided. The district comprises an area of Extent of more than 20,000 acres, which for many generations formed one the Manor. entire tract of forest land; and though the introduction of the woollen and cotton manufacture has tended materially to the culti vation and improvement of the soil, there are still thousands of acres unenclosed. The surface is mountainous, but by the great industry of the inhabitants, it is cultivated almost to the very summit of the hills. The valleys, of which Greenfield is remarkable Romantic for the romantic beauty of its scenery, are watered by the river Scenery. Tame and many rivulets, and abound with rich grazing land; the declivities of the hills also afford good pasture, and the roads over the hills and valleys, formed at a great expense, are excellent. The chapelry is divided into four constablewicks, all comprising numerous villages and hamlets, of which the inhabitants are actively employed in the various factories that have been established in this populous manufacturing district. The proprietors of nearly all these establishments are also merchants, and trade largely with America and the Continent. Throughout the whole chapelry the woollen and cotton manufacture is very extensively carried on, there being on the banks of the river and its tributary streams more than 100 mills in full operation; and for the more regular supply of water to the several works, a spacious reservoir of 250,000 square yards was constructed a few years ago. Quarries of freestone are found in some places, and mines of coal are in operation. The Huddersfield Canal passes through the district, under the lofty ridge of Standedge, by means of a tunnel, three miles in length, Tunnel affording every facility for the conveyance of heavy goods and pro- passes duce. Within the last few years, the Huddersfield and Manchester Standedge. Railway has been formed, which passes through the heart of Saddleworth, and is connected with lines and branches to Leeds, Bradford, Halifax, Sheffield, &c. The line enters the tunnel at Diggle Bridge, and thence over a viaduct between Upper Mill and Dobcross. The principal village is Upper Mill, eminently calculated by its fine position, and other superior local advantages, for extensive trade. The road from Huddersfield, through Ashtonunder-Line, to Manchester, is good, and renders the place a great thoroughfare; and houses are built more regularly, and more in the form of streets, than in any other place in the district, and it possesses all the interest of a busy and flourishing little town. Several public institutions have been formed at Old Delph, is a subscription library of more than 1,000 volumes. Gas works have also been erected at a cost of £2,000. At Dobcross, are two banks; under |