contrariety of defigns, and diffimilitude of perfonal qualities, all involved in one common diftrefs, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope

to overcome.

The other miferies, which waylay our paffage through the world, wisdom may escape, and fortitude may conquer: by caution and circumfpection we may steal along with very little to obftruct or incommode us; by fpirit and vigour we may force a way, and reward the vexation of contest by the pleafures of victory. But a time must come when our policy and bravery fhall be equally useless; when we fhall all fink into helpleffnefs and fadnefs, without any power of receiving folace from the pleasures that have formerly delighted us, or any profpect of emerging into a fecond poffeffion of the bleffings that we have loft.

The industry of man has, indeed, not been wanting in endeavours to procure comforts for these hours of dejection and melancholy, and to gild the dreadful gloom with artificial light. The most usual support of old age is wealth. He whofe poffeffions are large, and whose chests are full, imagines himfelf always fortified against invafions on his authority. If he has loft all other means of government, if his ftrength and his reafon fail him, he can at last alter his will; and therefore all that have hopes must likewife have fears, and he may ftill continue to give laws to fuch as have not ceafed to regard their own intereft.

This is, indeed, too frequently the citadel of the dotard, the laft fortrefs to which age retires, and

in which he makes the ftand against the upftart race that feizes his domains, difputes his commands, and cancels his prefcriptions. But here, though there may be fafety, there is no pleasure; and what remains is but a proof that more was once poffeffed.

Nothing feems to have been more univerfally dreaded by the ancients than orbity, or want of children; and indeed, to a man who has furvived all the companions of his youth, all who have participated his pleasures and his cares, have been engaged in the fame events, and filled their minds with the fame conceptions, this full peopled world is a difmal folitude. He ftands forlorn and filent, neglected or infulted, in the midst of multitudes, animated with hopes which he cannot fhare, and employed in bufinefs which he is no longer able to forward or retard; nor can he find any to whom his life or his death are of importance, unless he has fecured fome domeftick gratifications, fome tender employments, and endeared himself to fome whofe intereft and gratitude may unite them to him.

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So different are the colours of life, as we look forward to the future, or backward to the past; and fo different the opinions and fentiments which this contrariety of appearance naturally produces, that the converfation of the old and young ends generally with contempt or pity on either fide. a young man entering the world, with fulness of hope, and ardour of purfuit, nothing is fo unpleafing as the cold caution, the faint expectations, the fcrupulous diffidence which experience and difappointments certainly infuse; and the old man wonders in

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his turn that the world never can grow wifer, that neither precepts, nor teftimonies, can cure boys of their credulity and fufficiency: and that not one can be convinced that fnares are laid for him, till he finds himfelf entangled.

Thus one generation is always the fcorn and wonder of the other, and the notions of the old and young are like liquors of different gravity and texture which never can unite. The spirits of youth fublimed by health, and volatilised by paffion, foon leave behind them the phlegmatick fediment of wearinefs and deliberation, and burft out in temerity and enterprise. The tenderness therefore which nature infufes, and which long habits of beneficence confirm, is neceffary to reconcile fuch oppofition; and an old man must be a father to bear with patience thofe follies and abfurdities which he will perpetually imagine himself to find in the fchemes and expectations, the pleasures and the forrows, of those who have not yet been hardened by time, and chilled by frustration.

Yet it may be doubted, whether the pleasure of feeing children ripening into ftrength, be not overbalanced by the pain of feeing fome fall in the bloffom, and others blafted in their growth; fome fhaken down with ftorms, fome tainted with cankers, and fome fhrivelled in the fhade; and whether he that extends his care beyond himself, does not multiply his anxieties more than his pleasures, and weary himself to no purpose, by fuperintending what he cannot regulate.

But though age be to every order of human beings fufficiently terrible, it is particularly to be dreaded

dreaded by fine ladies, who have had no other end or ambition than to fill up the day and the night with drefs, diverfions, and flattery, and who having made no acquaintance with knowledge, or with business, have constantly caught all their ideas from the current prattle of the hour, and been indebted for all their happiness to compliments and treats. With these ladies, age begins early, and very often lafts long; it begins when their beauty fades, when their mirth lofes its fprightlinefs, and their motion its ease. From that time all which gave them joy vanishes from about them; they hear the praises be ftowed on others, which used to fwell their bosoms with exultation. They vifit the feats of felicity, and endeavour to continue the habit of being delighted. But pleasure is only received when we believe that we give it in return. Neglect and petulance inform them that their power and their value are paft; and what then remains but a tedious and comfortless uniformity of time, without any motion of the heart, or exercife of the reason?

Yet, however age may difcourage us by its appearance from confidering it in profpect, we fhall all by degrees certainly be old; and therefore we ought to enquire, what provifion can be made against that time of distress? what happiness can be stored up against the winter of life? and how we may pafs our latter years with ferenity and cheerfulness?

If it has been found by the experience of mankind, that not even the best seasons of life are able to fupply fufficient gratifications, without anticipating uncertain felicities, it cannot furely be fuppofed that old age, worn with labours, haraffed

with anxieties, and tortured with diseases, fhould have any gladness of its own, or feel any fatisfaction from the contemplation of the prefent. All the comfort that can now be expected must be recalled from the past, or borrowed from the future; the past is very foon exhausted, all the events or actions of which the memory can afford pleasure are quickly recollected; and the future lies beyond the grave, where it can be reached only by virtue and devotion.

Piety is the only proper and adequate relief of decaying man. He that grows old without religious hopes, as he declines into imbecility, and feels pains and forrows inceffantly crowding upon him, falls into a gulph of bottomless mifery, in which every reflection muft plunge him deeper, and where he finds only new gradations of anguish, and precipices of horrour.