(h) Roofing paper. Any saturated roofing paper of a grade known to the trade as 30-pound roofing paper.

(i) Stanchion. Post or other fixed upright support.

§ 91.2 Animals to be handled in compliance with regulations. No animals covered by the regulations in this part shall be exported to a foreign country except in compliance with the provisions thereof.

§ 91.3 Ports of export. The following are designated ports of export for animals at which inspection will be maintained: Portland, Me.; Boston, Mass.; New York, N. Y.; Philadelphia, Pa.; Baltimore, Md.; Newport News and Norfolk, Va.; Jacksonville, Port Everglades, and Miami, Fla.; Mobile, Ala.; New Orleans, La.; Galvestor and Houston, Tex.; San Diego, Los Angeles, and San Francisco, Calif.; Portland, Oregon; and Seattle and Tacoma, Wash. Other ports may be designated in special cases by the Chief of Bureau.

§ 91.4

Inspection and certification. No animals shall be exported to any foreign country until they have been inspected in the manner prescribed by the Chief of Bureau and found to be free from evidence of communicable disease or exposure thereto, and until they have been tested in the manner provided in § 91.5, if they are of a class required by that section to be tested. If, upon inspection, they are found to be free from evidence of communicable disease or exposure thereto, they shall be accompanied with a certificate to that effect, signed by a Bureau inspector,

§ 91.5 Diagnostic tests for dairy and breeding cattle. No dairy or breeding cattle shall be exported to a foreign country unless they are shown by proper certificate to have passed a negative test for tuberculosis and, if they are more than 6 months old, a negative blood test for brucellosis (Bang's disease) within 30 days of the date of shipment: Provided, however, That the test for brucellosis may be waived in respect to animals that

have been officially vaccinated as calves within the previous 12 months: And provided further, That either or both of these tests may be waived upon presentation by the exporter to the inspector at the port of embarkation of a written per-. mit by an authorized representative of the foreign government to ship a specified lot of cattle to that particular country without said tests.

The tuberculin test may be applied by a Bureau inspector or by a veterinarian accredited by the Bureau, in which case the certificate shall be endorsed by the inspector in charge of disease-eradication work in the State of origin. Blood tests for brucellosis shall be made in laboratories recognized by the Bureau and State authorities for that purpose, and the certificate shall be issued or endorsed by the inspector in charge of diseaseeradication work in the State of origin.

§ 91.6 Disinfection of cars and other conveyances. No animals intended for export to a foreign country shall be transported in cars or other conveyances which have been used in the transportation of livestock since they were last cleaned and disinfected: Provided, however, That express cars or other conveyances not regularly used for the transportation of livestock need not be so disinfected. If such animals are confined in crates or portable stalls, these either shall be new and previously unused or shall be cleaned and disinfected before receiving such export animals.

§ 91.7 Rest and inspection before embarkation. No animals shall be loaded upon a vessel for exportation until they have been allowed at least 5 hours' actual rest in suitable quarters at the port of embarkation: Provided, however, That such period of rest will not be required if the animals were transported thereto in cars in which there was opportunity to rest and proper feed and water were provided, or when the animals are to be stowed in box stalls aboard ship.

All animals shall remain at the port of export a sufficient length of time and under conditions to afford proper inspection during daylight. The place of detention for rest and inspection shall be subject to approval of the inspector. Movement of animals from the holding yards, pens, or stables to the transporting vessel, and their loading, storing, and tying, shall be accomplished in a manner satisfactory to the inspector.

§ 91.8 Accommodations for humane treatment of animals on vessels. Owners or masters of vessels carrying animals from the United States to a foreign country shall provide for such ani.mals food and water, space, ventilation, fittings, and other facilities as hereinafter set forth: Provided, however, That shipments of animals to points in nearby countries involving not more than 72 hours in transit shall be subject only to such requirements as to space, ventilation, fittings, food, and water supply as the Chief of Bureau shall prescribe. Such owners or masters shall not accept for transportation any animal that in the judgment of the inspector is in an unfit condition to withstand the rigors of such transportation.

§ 91.9 Headropes and halters Halters, ropes, or other suitable equipment satisfactory to the inspector shall be provided for the handling and tying of horses and cattle.

§ 91.10 Space on vessels. Except as specified in § 91.8, space on vessels for the various species of animals shall be as follows:

(a) Horses. Space for horses shall be not less than 6 feet 3 inches from roof or beams overhead to floor underfoot and shall be at least 8 feet in depth, except that upon approval of the inspector stalls 7 feet deep may be allowed for medium-sized horses. Single stalls shall be not less than 22 feet wide. Not less than 20 square feet shall be allowed for each horse loose in pen, and for every large horse there shall be at least 27 square feet.

Subject to the approval of the inspector as many as four horses, or as many as seven horses weighing not more than 500 pounds each, may be shipped in pens not less than 10 by 8 feet in size. Mares in foal and stallions, however, shall be shipped only in separate stalls, which shall be not less than 8 feet deep by 3 feet wide and for mares due to foal en route shall be not less than 8 feet deep by 5 feet wide and readily accessible.

Extra stalls suitably located shall be provided in each compartment or on decks where horses are carried so that adequate hospital space can be made available for any that become sick or disabled aboard ship. The number of such stalls shall be as follows: One for the first 4 to 10 horses shipped, another for any number in excess of 10 up to and

including 25, and still another for each additional 25 horses or fraction thereof.

(b) Cattle. Space for cattle shall be not less than 8 feet in depth and 6 feet from roof or beams overhead to flooring underfoot, except that where floors are raised over pipes and similar obstructions a height of not less than 5 feet 6 inches may be permitted at the discretion of the inspector. No more than four cattle weighing over 850 pounds each shall be shipped in each pen, except at the ends of rows, where five may be allowed together. In such pens there shall be at least 20 square feet of space for each animal. When any such pen includes stanchions, sounding tubes, ventilators, and other obstructions, there shall be not less than 24 square feet of free space for each animal.

Single stalls for cattle shall be not less than 8 feet in depth by 3 feet in width, and larger stalls shall be provided when required by the inspector for cows in advanced pregnancy and for large dairy or breeding cattle. Cows in advanced pregnancy and bulls shall be shipped only in separate stalls. For cows that are due to calve en route, the stalls or pens shall be not less than 5 by 8 feet in size and so located as to be easily accessible.

Calves and yearlings may be stowed at the discretion of the inspector.

Space

(c) Sheep, goats, and swine. for these animals shall be not less than 3 feet in height. For each animal the space provided shall be at least 1 foot greater in length and breadth than the animal itself, with a 50-percent increase for animals in advanced pregnancy. Double-deck pens shall not exceed 20 x 8 feet in size. Lambs, kids, and pigs may be stowed at the discretion of the inspector.

§ 91.11 Crates and portable stalls. Animals may be carried in crates or portable stalls which meet the space requirements of § 91.10 and are so constructed as to afford comfort and security. All crates and portable stalls shall be equipped for the feeding and watering of the animals carried therein, and when placed on exposed decks the roofs of same shall conform with the requirements of § 91.22. Crates and portable stalls shall be subject in all cases to the approval of the inspector at the port of embarkation.

§ 91.12 Hatches. Hatches above animals shall be kept clear at all times, no

feed for the animals or freight of any kind being placed thereon.

Animals may be placed on hatches on exposed decks, but the pens or stalls shall be lashed down securely to the satisfaction of the inspector.

Animals may be placed on hatches on underdecks provided the height requirements of § 91.10 can be complied with, but sufficient space shall be left clear on such hatches for passageway across ship and for brow.

On all hatches on which animals are carried and under which hay and feed are stowed, sufficient space shall be left clear for the proper removal and handling of such hay and feed. Such hatches shall be watertight.

§ 91.13 Upper-deck fittings. Animals may be carried on upper decks in space abutting the outside rails or bulwarks only if such rails or bulwarks are 3 feet or more in height from the deck and are of sufficient strength to hold the necessary fittings securely, or if the space available is sufficient to permit securing the required fittings to provide the necessary strength. When animals are carried on upper decks, bulkheads shall be erected at all unprotected ends of stalls.

§ 91.14 Protection from heat of boilers and engines. No animals shall be stowed along the alleyways by engine and boiler room unless the sides of said engine and boiler rooms are covered by a tongue-and-groove tight sheathing, making a 3-inch air space: Provided, however, That on ships powered with internal-combustion engines this sheathing will not be required.

§ 91.15 Ventilation. Each underdeck compartment on which animals are being transported shall be equipped with a system of ventilation either natural or mechanical that will furnish a complete change of air in the compartment every 5 minutes. When the latter method is employed, a sufficient number of portable blowers of approved type shall be carried to provide ventilation in case of break-down. Natural ventilation may be procured through ventilators, hatches, doors, and portholes when approved by the inspector.

§ 91.16 Feed and Water. For animals embarked for a voyage which on an average is of more than 20 hours' duration, there shall be provided to the satisfaction of the inspector sufficient amounts of suitable feed and fresh wa

ter, and proper accommodation shall be provided on board for distribution of the water and for stowage of the feed so that it shall not be unduly exposed to the weather at sea.

§ 91.17 Attendants. Each vessel on which livestock are embarked shall carry one man who is experienced in the handling of the particular species and a sufficient number of attendants to insure proper care of the animals.

§ 91.18 Lighting. All vessels carrying animals shall be equipped to provide adequate light at all times for the proper attending of all animals.

§ 91.19 Alleyways. Alleyways running fore and aft that are used for feeding, watering, and loading animals, including horses in box stalls, shall have a minimum width of 3 feet, but when horses are stowed in other than box stalls the minimum width of alleyways shall be 4 feet: Provided, however, That for a distance not to exceed 12 feet at the end of alleyways in bow and stern of ship, and where obstructions less than 3 feet in length occur, the width may be reduced to a minimum of 18 inches. A sufficient number of athwartship alleyways at least 18 inches in width in the clear shall be provided to afford ready access to scuppers and to ends of alleyways running fore and aft except that on exposed decks where scuppers and the ends of fore and aft alleyways are readily accessible athwartship alleyways may be dispensed with.

§ 91.20 Stanchions. Stanchions shall be provided for all stalls and pens for horses, cattle, sheep, goats, and swine. Metal stanchions will be acceptable if equal in strength and security as hereinafter provided for wooden stanchions. (a) Horses and cattle. Rail stanchions shall be of not less than 4" x 6" lumber set 5 feet apart on centers secured to ship's rail or bulwark with 8" hook bolts or collars, and with heels properly braced to sheer streak, or waterway. Inboard stanchions of the same dimensions shall be set in line with the rail stanchions and properly braced. Stanchions shall be securely fastened to roof beams by means of cleats 2" x 4" x 8" in size butted against both sides of stanchions and also by means of angle braces not less than 1" x 6" x 24" in size properly placed and nailed to secure each stanchion to its beam. Stanchions affixed to bulwarks shall be chucked

down with pieces not less than 2'' x 3" x 8" lumber. On open-rail ships, spaces between the rails shall be blocked out to permit the affixing of outside planking. If supplementary stanchions are required for rump boards, these shall be not less than 3" x 4" in size properly cleated to beam and deck.

Stanchions on underdecks shall be secured by appropriate bracing, cleating, and wedging and set not more than 7 feet 6 inches apart on centers, except that this spacing may be increased to 10 feet when 3" x 10" breast boards are used.

(b) Sheep, goats, and swine. Stanchions for single- or double-tier pens for these animals shall be of not less than 3" x 4" lumber set at no greater distance than 5 feet on centers and secured in the same manner as prescribed in this regulation for horses and cattle.

§ 91.21 Beams-(a) Horses and cattle. Beams shall be of not less than 3" x 6" lumber. Those at the ends of fittings and each alternate one shall extend across the ship's beam or abut against permanent deck fittings. The intermediate short beams shall not extend beyond the inner edge of the roof.

(b) Sheep, goats, and swine. When two tiers of pens are constructed on upper or exposed decks, beams shall be provided as specified in this regulation for horses and cattle. Beams of not less than 3" x 4" lumber bolted to stanchions with " bolts shall be provided to support the roof of single-tier pens on exposed decks and the floor of double-tier pens on all decks. Beams supporting upper-tier pens shall be braced in centers by uprights of not less than 2" x 4" lumber extending from deck to under side of beams.

§ 91.22 Roofs. All pens for carrying animals on exposed decks shall be roofed with not less than 1%" lumber, tongued and grooved or square-edged, extending from outside planking to 2 feet beyond the line of breast boards: Provided, however, That if square-edged lumber is used, it shall be properly covered with roofing paper.

§ 91.23 Flooring-(a) Horses and cattle. Flooring shall be laid athwartship and secured by placing ends beneath the under side of foot and rump boards or under a 2" x 2" strip nailed along these boards. Floors may be either

of two types, flush or raised. The flush type shall be of not less than 1" lumber laid flat on the deck. The raised type shall be of not less than 2" lumber nailed to scantlings of at least 2" x 3" dimensions laid 2 feet 6 inches apart. If desired, flooring may be laid in portable sections. Flooring will not be required on ships with wooden decks provided footlocks are secured to the deck. Cement or composite material diagonally scored one-half inch deep may be used on iron decks instead of wooden flooring if the footlocks are molded in the same and bolted to the deck.

Floor

(b) Sheep, goats, and swine. ing for these animals shall be the same as prescribed in this regulation for horses and cattle except that raised flooring need not be greater than 1 inch in thickness.

§ 91.24 Footlocks-(a) Horses and cattle. There shall be four footlocks of 1" x 4" lumber laid fore and aft with flat side down, and so placed as to provide in-between spaces of 12, 14, 26, and 14 inches, beginning at inside of footboard. They shall be well secured with nails of a length that will permit 1-inch clinch in 1-inch flooring and 2-inch penetration in 2-inch flooring.

(b) Sheep, goats, and swine. Footlocks for these animals shall be of not less than 1" x 2" lumber, four to each pen, equally distributed and laid in the manner prescribed in paragraph (a) of this section for horses and cattle.

§ 91.25 Outside planking. All pens for carrying animals on exposed decks shall be provided with outside planking of not less than 1%" tongue-and-groove lumber laid fore and aft of ship driven tightly together and securely nailed to backs of stanchions in a manner to cover all open spaces properly: Provided, however, That during warm weather the topcourse planking may be left off in order to allow a free circulation of air.

§ 91.26 Breast, front, and foot boards— (a) Horses and cattle. Except as provided in § 91.8, all stalls and pens shall be equipped with breast boards of not less than 2" x 10" dressed lumber securely nailed to the stanchions. Where butting occurs the joints are to be on the stanchions and shall be covered with metal plates 3" square or 5" in diameter and not less than 1/4" in thickA " bolt shall then be passed through the plate, joint, and stanchion

ness.

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