Mr. WOOL. Yes, sir.

For page 21, there were 79,000 in that age class. That is the chart for 1958 now. As I say, there were 79,000 in that age class who had entered the reserves under the 6 months training program.

So there may be some slightly larger number, but not much more by 1963, for this same age class as it moves up to age 26.

Mr. HARDY. 79,000 had entered the 6 months training?

Mr. WOOL. Yes, sir, either into the Army Reserve or National Guard. Mr. HARDY. By 1963 you are going to have 630,000 of them who will have completed their obligation or be on active duty.

Mr. Wool. All the others, of course, will have entered as inductees, enlistees or one of the other channels to fulfill their obligation. Mr. HARDY. Well

Mr. WOOL. To pin this down, we are dealing here with a group of men now age 21. At present 462,000 of this group have already entered service. Of that group, 79,000 had entered into the 6 months training program and 383,000 had entered active service.

Mr. HARDY. Mr. Chairman, I am not going to pursue this.

Mr. WOOL. Sure.

Mr. HARDY. But my question is going to call for some more study when we have these charts before us. I am concerned about it for one reason, that I am not sure that you have anybody competent to do these actuarial computations down there.

Mr. WOOL. Sir

The CHAIRMAN. All right. Take your next chart and proceed with your observations.

Mr. WOOL. Move on to the next chart.

The final chart in this analysis now shows the trend in age of induction. The actual increase in the average induction age between 1956 and 1958 has been only about one-half year-from 22 to 2212 years. We expect the average age to rise by an additional one-half year or so between 1958 and 1963 to about 23 years.

This average age applies only to the inductees-about 90,000 a year. The other new entrants into military service, over 400,000 a year, will mainly enter at much earlier ages. For example, the average age of new enlistees has remained unchanged, at 1812 years, during the past 5 years.

Any young man who desires to complete his military obligation at an earlier age has a wide choice of voluntary enlistment opportunities available, beginning with age 17. The gradual increase in the draft age need not, therefore, pose any problem to him.

I would like to summarize the main conclusions developed from this study.

First, we find that 7 out of 10 men now reaching age 26-and 9 out of 10 qualified men-have actually entered service. And, looking ahead to 1963, we can expect that 55 percent of all men-and nearly 8 out 10 qualified men-will have entered service.

Mr. GAVIN. At that point, the 7 out of 10 that you say have entered some form of service: Can you give us a breakdown of that? Six months or inductees.

Mr. WOOL. Yes, sir; as of age 26, on June 1958, 770,000-70 percent-had entered active service. Seventeen thousand in this age had entered the reserves and fulfilled their obligation in that way.

You are dealing here with quite an old age group, of course, and the new Reserve legislation was passed and became effective in 195556, so that very few of this older age group had a chance to enter service that way.

Mr. GAVIN. What I mean on the breakdown: How many went in; that is, what percent were inducted, what percent enlisted?

Mr. WOOL. Oh.

Mr. GAVIN. What percent went into the Reserves; do you have that?

Mr. WOOL. We have these available and we will be glad to supply these.

The CHAIRMAN. Put that in the record. That is very important. Mr. WOOL. Yes, sir.

(The information requested is herewith inserted :)

TABLE 1.-Estimated military service status of male population, aged 19-26, June 30, 1958

TABLE 2.-Estimated military service status of male population, aged 19–26, June 30, 1963

Population.-Estimated number of men in population by age in 1958 and 1963 are based on unpublished estimates and projections of the U.S. Bureau of the Census for the continental United States, including Armed Forces overseas. These estimates were adjusted to include an allowance for the population in oversea territories and possessions.

Entrants into military service.-Age distributions of entrants into the Active and Reserve Forces, through June 30, 1958, based on statistical records maintained in the Department of Defense and the Selective Service System. Projected entries into Active and Reserve military service through fiscal year 1963 based on estimates submitted by the military departments, in December 1958, under the following assumptions: (1) Extension of the induction authority under the Universal Military Training Service Act and related legislation.

(2) Continuation of latest authorized military strengths through fiscal year 1963.

(3) Allowance for the beneficial effects of the recently enacted military pay legislation and for related factors affecting enlistments and reenlistment rates.

DEFINITIONS

Active Forces, volunteers.--All male entrants into active service, other than inductees. Includes enlistees, Reserves entering active duty (other than active duty for training) and officer gains.

Active Forces, inductees.-Includes both voluntary and involuntary inductees. Inductees in younger ages (e.g., below age 23 in 1958) are mainly voluntary inductees.

Peserve Forces.-Includes men who have entered Reserves and National Guard without prior active service, and have, or are fulfilling, Reserve training obligations (including 3- to 6-months active duty for training). Excludes men who enlisted in the Reserves for 2 years active duty under section 261, Reserve Forces Act of 1952, as amended, and who subsequently entered active service. Such entrants are included in the total of volunteers into the Active Forces.

The CHAIRMAN. Go ahead.

Mr. WOOL. Secondly, the rate of manpower pool growth has been moderate in the past few years and will continue to be moderate through 1963-about 150,000 per year.

Third, the age of induction is rising gradually, but most men will continue to enter service at much younger ages.

Finally, virtually no nonfathers, qualified and available for service, are currently escaping their service obligation or are likely to escape their service obligation through 1963.

Thank you.

The CHAIRMAN. Thank you very much.

Now, members of the committee, there is on each one of your desks a booklet giving this information just submitted by this witness. Thank you very much.

Mr. ARENDS. Mr. Chairman, may I ask a question there?

Are these booklets available in numbers?

Mr. WOOL. Yes, sir.

Mr. ARENDS. Are these books available for distribution?

Mr. WOOL. They are, sir.

Secretary FINUCANE. We will have as many as you like, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. Now move the screen.

Mr. WOOL. Yes, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. I trust each member will read this book. It is a very valuable little document.

Now, Mr. Secretary, please resume your seat there.

Secretary FINUCANE. Yes, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. Are there any questions from any members of the committee? I want to go around the table, but I will just open it up for questions and recognize any member.

I have a man in front of me. The gentleman from New York, Mr. Stratton.

Mr. STRATTON. Mr. Chairman, I am very much interested in the National Security Training Commission and Corps. I haven't been aware that that existed. I wondered if the Secretary could give us some information as to how that has operated and what the experience has been during the duration of this law.

Secretary FINUCANE. Mr. Stratton, I guess I didn't understand

Mr. STRATTON. The National Security Training Commission and Corps, which is referred to here in section 4(k). Is there such a commission in operation now and such a corps, or is this a standby procedure in the event the President determines that he doesn't need as many members as he has the authority to induct?

Secretary FINUCANE. May I ask-I don't know, sir. May I ask Mr. Bartimo, our legal counsel?

The CHAIRMAN. Give your name to the reporter.

Mr. BARTIMO. My name is Frank Bartimo, assistant general counsel for Manpower, Personnel, and Reserve.

The precise answer I don't have at my fingertips, but I think I can satisfy you by stating generally that the National Security Training Commission and Corps is something that is dormant in law. It doesn't become effective until I believe three things occur. One of the most important is a finding by the President-my recollection-I am sure your erudite counsel here, Mr. Blandford, can check me on

this.

If the President finds that the strength of the active forces is sufficient in the light of international conditions so that a draft is no longer necessary-that is one of the most important.

Mr. BLANDFORD. May I interrupt, Mr. Chairman? What it actually boils down to is that you can't have anyone inducted into the National Security Training Corps until the Congress passes a code of conduct and the Congress refused to pass a code of conduct.

Mr. KILDAY. We tried that.

Mr. BLANDFORD. That is the end of it. The National Security Training Commission remains in effect for about 2 years after that. There have been no longer appropriations asked for. The Commission is out of existence. It is a dormant provision in the law. It still remains in the law, but in the analysis it hasn't even been discussed because it is nonexistent for practical purposes.

The CHAIRMAN. That answers the question.

Mr. STRATTON. Thank you.

The CHAIRMAN. Any further questions, Mr. Stratton?
Mr. STRATTON. One other question, Mr. Chairman.
The CHAIRMAN. Go right ahead.

Mr. STRATTON. What is the date that a person can become a father and still be regarded as a father? Is there a cutoff with respect to receiving the notice of induction or having actually taken the physical, or just how do you define a father?

Secretary FINUCANE. Mr. Stratton, the father is not inducted because he is a father. The father is simply in the hands of General Hershey's organization-he is less vulnerable than the nonfather. At the moment there are enough nonfathers so that as a matter of practical fact, fathers are not called.

However, we wouldn't like to leave the impression that because they are fathers they are exempt from the draft. They are not.

Mr. STRATTON. What I mean: The reduction in the vulnerability to the draft comes as a result of acquiring fatherhood at any time before you are actually inducted; is that correct?

Secretary FINUCANE. Yes, I would think so.

Mr. BLANDFORD. Often, if you receive your draft notice, if you can present a certificate from a doctor, that your wife is pregnant, then they will put you in that low category.

The CHAIRMAN. Mr. Cohelan, any questions?

Mr. COHELAN. Mr. Secretary, I am interested in the fact that the statute calls for a 4-year extension and all of the data has been prepared in this way.

The CHAIRMAN. Let there be order.

Mr. COHELAN. Why not a longer period of time, or a lesser period. of time?

Secretary FINUCANE. I think your question is an excellent one, sir. Historically, the draft law has, in the wisdom of Congress, been extended for 4 years, and we would like simply for conformity sake to carry on with the habits of the past.

Actually, the Congress can, indeed, change the law any time it wants. The Congress is always available in the national interest. And it seems to me that 4 years is a reasonable time. If the Congress desired to change the law 2 years from now or 1 year from now, or at any time, it would be, of course, perfectly within its rights and prerogatives.