-No important change occurred during the year 1865 in the mutual relation of the different branches of the Greek Church (in Russia, Turkey, Greece, Austria) to each other. In Austria, the Greek Church, which, in accordance with an imperial rescript of Nov. 26, 1864, is henceforth to be officially designated as the "Greek-Oriental," instead, as here tofore, the "Greek Non-United Church." is now fully separated into two independent archbishoprics, one for the Greek Sclavi and the other for the Roumanic nation. For the latter, Andrew Baron de Schaguna was appointed, in 1865, the first archbishop.

ernment in the Holy Governing Synod, and author of a work on the Latin Church, together with the Russian chaplain in London, the Rev. Mr. Popoff. Prince Orloff, in a letter to the Moscow Gazette, one of the leading political papers of Russia, gives the following account of the attitude of the Russian members of the meeting:

Having premised that I was speaking in a private capacity, I said that the Russian clergy, praying daily for the estabwould be always inclined to promote it. lishment of a common Christian Church, In proof of this I alleged that the study of the English language had been introThe Moldo-Wallachian Church has duced into our ecclesiastical academies, been declared, by Prince Couza, to be and that our clergy would be prepared to henceforth wholly independent of and sift privately all disputed points. I adddisconnected from the Greek Patriarch of ed, however, that the most holy Philaret, the Archbishop of Moscow, and lofty Constantinople. Ecclesiastical communpatriarch of our Church, was of opinion ion remains perfect as before; just as that this was a grave and difficult quesbetween the Church of England and the tion, which ought to be slowly matured, Protestant Episcopal Church of the and above all, investigated closely and United States. This declaration of eccle- minutely. In conclusion moved: 1. siastical independence by the Church of That works should be published in Enthe Principalities did not please the Sul- gland setting forth the history, doctrine, tan, and at his instance the Patriarch of Church, with a view to proving that it is and present condition of the Anglican Constantinople tried the old plan to re- not a Protestant but a Catholic Church, tain his former subordinates. He dis- and, accordingly, related to the Eastern patched a bishop to Bucharest to declare Church. I also remarked that the subthat the law of civil marriage, the secu-ject being altogether unknown to the larization of convent property, and the institution of a national Church, lately decreed by Prince Couza, were contrary to the dogmas of the Greek Church, and involved the penalty of excommunication. Prince Couza, in reply, ordered the said bishop to be reconducted to the frontier by gendarmes. The reorganization of the Church has since been completed by the establishment of a National Synod; and on the whole, the Church of the Principalities seems to be the most progressive of the branches of the Greek Church.

Russian public, it ought to be explained fully and copiously. 2. That Anglican should be stationed at Moscow and St. clergymen sympathizing with the cause Petersburg. 3. That the matter should not be precipitated, or urged with too much eagerness or violence, but that we should trust in the divine assistance rather than in the success of our human and shortsighted endeavors. What we had to do now was to prepare the ground by elucidating the question. The seed would grow up, and future generations, perhaps, would reap the harvest if God willed it. Father Popoff, who delivered an eloquent speech, breathing the spirit of Christianity, expressed himself to the same effect. After him some clergymen spoke on dogmatical points. I omit quoting their opinions; they will be probably report to the Chief Procurator of the Holy communicated by Father Popoff in his Synod. They had no immediate reference to the matter in hand.

The movement toward a union between the Anglican and the Eastern Churches has many influential friends in Russia. The most important step which has yet been taken on the part of Russians in favor of this movement, was the participation of several men of high posi tion in a meeting held in London on Dec. Before the close of the debates I rose 16, 1865, at which about eighty of the again to declare that the Russian Church, bishops and clergy of the Church of En- being but one of the five branches of the gland were present. Russia on this occa- all the more complicated, and that the Eastern Catholic Church, the matter was sion was represented by Prince Orloff, subordinate members of our clergy were Minister of Public Instruction in the not at liberty to decide any ecclesiastical Emperor's Cabinet, and Count A. Tolstoi, questions, being entirely guided by the the representative of the Russian gov-rules and directions of their Church.

The day after I paid a visit to the Archbishop of Canterbury at his country seat. He would have liked to dispatch two bishops to Russia, but, hearing what I had to say against his plan, put it off. The Bishop of Exeter, the nonagenarian patriarch of the Anglican Church, also speaks with great interest of the work of reunion. The matter has nothing whatever to do with politics, though if a reunion were effected the Russian and English interests in the East might possibly become identical.

bridge, and recommending the erection of a Russian church there, and the appointment of a Russian chaplain. Since then the Moscow Gazette has on many occasions urged the desirability of bringing about a good understanding between the Russian and English Churches; and it was this journal that first published the account of the meeting held recently in London, at which Prince Orloff, Father Popoff, and a number of English prelates, were present. Admiral Putiatin was well known in the Russian navy for his habits Peter the Great to say that, in endeavorof devotion; but it is no calumny on

The Church Journal, of New York, a devoted advocate of the Union move-ing to establish intimate relations between ment, regards the part taken at this meeting by Russia as "a step more important and significant than anything that has been placed on record since the time of the Council of Florence."

The indications increase that this movement may become one of importance. Our literary intercourse with Eastern Europe is, however, still so restricted that we are but imperfectly informed about the progress it has made in the Russian and the other Eastern Churches. The London Pall Mall Gazette has the following remarks on the recent history of the movement:

the two Churches, he was actuated less by religious than political motives. He wished to counterbalance, as much as possible, the influence of the Roman Catholic Church in Europe, and especially in Poland. The Russians attach much than really belongs to it; and a writer in more importance to the London meeting a St. Petersburg journal has come to the conclusion that the English tourists who visit St. Isaac's Cathedral do so from a pious wish to make themselves acquainted with the ceremonies of the Russian Church.

The English Church papers which are in favor of the union movement assert that the advances toward a union, made by the Anglicans, have met with a particularly favorable reception on the part of the Greek Bishops of Servia. The London Churchman expressed its joy at being able to

The project of union, or rather intercommunion, between the Russo-Greek and Anglican Churches is no new thing. The true author of the scheme was Peter the Great, at whose suggestion, the English and Russian bishops entered into correspondence on the subject. The negotiations were protracted, through the Record another instance of the dispoinability of the Russian bishops to give sition of the Servian Church to resume satisfactory explanations in reference to that Christian intercourse which is pavthe national practice of image worship, and on the death of Peter were discon ing the way for complete recognition and intercommunion. Three clergymen from tinued, a result, or want of result, which has often been deplored by orthodox London, passing through Belgrade reRussians, and among them by Mouravieff, Sunday. When the Archbishop knew cently, were detained in that city on the the historian of the Russian Church. The this, he placed at their disposal the anterevival of the project of intercommunion is due, in a great measure, to the journal chapel in his own palace for the purposes which distinguished itself during the with the necessary elements, altar lights of holy communion, and supplied them Polish insurrection by its enthusiastic and other requisites. "The Metropolitan support of the historian's brother, the expressed at the same time his great rehanging Mouravieff," of Wilna notoriety. Five years ago the present editor gret at not being able to be present in of the Moscow Gazette published in the of being obliged to go to Racovitza, it person at the celebration, in consequence Contemporary Leaves (one of several jour-being, it would seem, a high festival; but nals directed by him) a remarkable correspondence between the Rev. Mr. Williams, Fellow of a college at Cambridge, and Admiral Putiatin, who had then recently arrived from Japan to take the command of the Ministry of Public In

66

struction. The admiral sent to the Mos

cow Gazette a letter he had received from Mr. Williams, pointing out the facility with which Russians might send their sons to study at the University of Cam

he intrusted the carrying out of the matremained with us throughout the office." ter to one of the Archimandrites, who

The Levant Herald, an English paper in Constantinople, having stated that the Archbishop of Servia had degraded the Archimandrite of Studenitza for administering the Holy Communion to an English clergyman, the Churchman, of

October 5, contradicted this report by can Church. At present we forbear to say more. the following statement:

We are requested by the Rev. W. Denton, to state that the report of the censure and degradation of the Archimandrite of Studenitza for administering the holy communion to a member of the English Church is wholly unfounded. The Archbishop of Belgrade has replied to Mr. Denton's inquiries as to the truth of the assertions in the Levant Herald, and he states that the thought of degrading or of censuring the Archimandrite had never entered into his mind. We are in possession of information which leads us to believe that before long the Servian Church will take a more formal step toward intercommunion with the Angli

แ

As regards the Church of the kingdom of Greece, a correspondent of the London Churchman stated that the Holy Synod was 'ready to acknowledge as valid the baptism of the Anglican Church when intercommunion shall be realized." The "Hemera," (the Day,) a journal which has a wide circulation in Greece, the Ionian Islands, Turkey, and Egypt, published, in 1865, a series of letters from Dr. Frazer on the Constitution of the English Church, and on her Synods and Liturgy, which seemed to awaken considerable interest in the question among the Greek people.

ART. IX.-FOREIGN LITERARY INTELLIGENCE.

GERMANY.

Germany continues from month to month to make contributions to the literature on the Life of Christ. Among the latest works of this class is the ninth volume of Bunsen's Bible-work. (Bunsen's Bibelwerk. Leipsic. 1866.) This volume concludes the Bible-work, and consists of a Life of Christ, compiled from the Gospels, and is so arranged as to be read through on the Sundays and other days consecrated to public worship. To this is added, according to the usual manner of Bunsen's works, a great number of dissertations, partly critical, partly philosophical. The standpoint of Bunsen with regard to the nature of Christ agrees, in the main, with that of Schenkel and his school, being strongly tinctured with rationalism.

Professor Ewald, well known as one of the greatest Orientalists now living, has published a second edition of his work on Hebrew poetry. (Allgemeines über die Hebräische Dichtung. Gottingen. 1866.) It has undergone such alterations as to be almost a new work.

A new edition of the New Testament Apocrypha has been begun by Professor Hilgenfeld. (Novum Testamentum extra Canonem receptum. Fax. 1. Leipsic. 1866.) The first part, which has been published, contains the Epistle of Barnabas, the original text of which is now for the first time published in a complete state from the Sinaitic manuscript. Prof. Hilgen

The

feld's edition contains, besides the orig-
inal, the ancient Latin version.
origin of the Epistle is placed by Hilgen-
feld at the end of the first century.

The Neue Evangelische Kirchen Zeitung, of Berlin, one of the leading religious weeklies of Germany, notices the appearance of Hurst's History of Rationalism, which it calls an instructive and carefully compiled work. It mentions the circumstance that the author for some time pursued his theological studies in Germany, and deems his work worthy of a German translation.

Of Professor Tischendorf's great work, Monumenta Sacra inedita. Nova Collectio, a new volume, has recently been published. (Leipsic. 1866.) It contains a hitherto unknown palimpsest, containing all the Epistles of the New Testament, (the Revelation, embraced in the same palimpsest, will be published in the next number of the Monumenta.) Tischendorf found this palimpsest in 1862, in the library of the Russian Bishop Porphyrius, and he obtained permission from this learned bishop to make the manuscript more legible by the application of chemical means, to decipher and publish it. According to the specimen which the author gives in the preface, the manuscript gives the sacred text in a most antique manner, and is in this respect surpassed only by five of the ancient manuscripts. The prospectus of the

continuation of the Monumenta announces | and Providence, (Theodicée. Etudes sur the appearance of five more volumes. Dieu, la Creation, et la Providence. Paris: The work has a large number of patrons 1866.) The author declares himself to be among the princes and high ecclesiasti- a Christian philosopher; his aim is to cal dignitaries of Europe. Among the reconcile reason with faith, and he seeks latter the names of Roman Cardinals ap- to attack error under its various forms, in pear side by side with Anglican bishops, the name of the intellect and the heart Another new work by Prof. Tischendorf combined. is entitled Apocalypses Apocrypha. (Leipsic. 1866.) It contains five apocryphal "Revelations," which have not heretofore been published. One of them is the "Revelation of the Apostle Paul," which has been supposed to be lost. It corresponds entirely with the references to it in the works of Augustin and Sozomen. Tischendorf found the Greek text in the libraries of Milan and Munich. A Syriac enlarged translation of it has recently been found by English missionaries at Ooroomiah.

A new work against modern "Spiritualism" has been published by J. B. Dissandier, (Des Sciences Occultes et du Spiritisme. Paris. 1866.) After a short preface on the occult sciences in general, the author gives an interesting account of the origin and progress of magnetism, traces the rise of spiritualism from the extraordinary impulse given to physical science, and, in conclusion, contests the claims of spiritualism either as a religion or a system of philosophy.

The "Philosophy of Thomas Brown" is the subject of a work by F. Rithoré, (Critique de la Philosophie de Thomas Brown. Paris. 1866.) Rithoré especially commends the Scotch metaphysician for having thoroughly understood what he considers to be the true fundamental proposition of metaphysics, namely, first, that the study of the human mind is a separate, distinct, and well-defined science; and, secondly, that our ideas and sentiments are nothing else but the thinking substance itself, variously mod

A new work on the Apostle Paul (Der Apostle Paulus. Heidelberg. 1865) has been published by A. Hausrath, a member of the Supreme Ecclesiastical Council of the Grand Duchy of Baden, and a prominent representative of the theological school of which Dr. Schenkel is regarded as the chief. His work differs from that of Dr. F. C. Baur, as it does not treat prominently of the doctrinal system of the Apostle, but aims at giving a portrait of his life, (a "Charakterbild,' after the plan of Schenkel's "Charakter-ified. bild Jesu.") The author denies the au- Mr. Charles Charpentier has begun thenticity of the Epistles to Titus and the publication of a series of twelve the first Epistle to Timotheus. The Epis-brochures, which are intended to form, tle to the Ephesians is, according to his when complete, a course of studies on opinion, an Epistle to the Laodiceans, comparative legislation. The first one, which has been revised by another hand. which has recently made its appearance, The second Epistle to Timotheus he re- discusses the right of property claimed gards an enlarged edition of a Pauline by man over man; or, in other words, epistle. the question of slavery. The author traces the history of this assumed right in pagan antiquity and among the Hebrews, and finally, vindicates to Chrisianity the glory of having restored to man his real dignity.

The Christology of the New Testament, (Christologie des Neuen Testaments, Berlin, 1866,) by Prof. Beyschlag, of Halle, is a new attempt to explain the character and mission of Christ in a manner differing from the established doctrines of the Christian Church. The author repudiates any sympathy with Strauss, Schenkel, and other representatives of heterodox theology; but his own attempt has been by no means satisfactory to the orthodox schools.

FRANCE.

A valuable contribution to the history of metaphysical speculation is furnished in the work of M. de Margerie, entitled, Theodicy: Essays on God, Creation,

The great work of M. Albert de Broglie, of the French Academy, on The Church and the Empire in the Fourth Century, (L'Eglise et l'Empire au quatrieme siecle,) has just been completed by the appearance of the fifth and sixth volumes. M. A. de Broglie is, with his friend Count Montalembert, one of the chiefs of that school of French Roman Catholics who, while firmly adhering to the doctrines of their Church, yet believe in and labor for a full reconciliation be

men.

Catholic sources. The latest contribution to this class of literature is a History of the Oratory, well known as one of the most literary organizations of French monks, by the Oratorian, A. Perraud. (L'Oratoire de France. Paris. 1866.) The work is divided into three parts, of which the first traces the history of the Oratory up to the French Revolution; the second is composed of the biographies of the most celebrated Oratorians; and the third is occupied with the re-establishment of the Order in 1852, and its canonical approbation in 1864.

tween their Church and modern civiliza- tions that can be derived from Roman tion. Like all the prominent men of this school, M. de Broglie is an admirer of the institutions of the United States, and one of the most active members of the French Society for the aid of the freedThe work on the Church and the Empire in the Fourth Century has, from the publication of the first volume, secured a place among the master works of the historic literature of France, and the first four volumes have already gone through four editions. The two last volumes, (fifth and sixth,) just published, embrace the time from 364 to 395, beginning with the reign of Valens and ending with the death of Theodosius. Among the great names whose history is given in these two volumes are Basil, Augustine, and Theodosius; and among the most notable ecclesiastical events of the period is the Council of Constantinople.

son Euvre.

The literature on the Life of Jesus has received a new and very valuable addition by a new work from E. de Pressensé, (Jesus Christ, son Temps, La Vie, Paris. 1866.) The author has long had the reputation of being one of the foremost representatives of the evangelical school in the province of the theological science, not only in France, but in all Europe; and his new work, we doubt not, will rank among the most important works of the almost innumerable literature on this important subject.

Of the Collection of Christian Inscriptions in Gaul, prior to the eighth century, by E. Lebland, (Inscriptions Chrétiennes. Paris. 1866,) vol. 2, has recently been published.

The History of the Catholic Doctrine during the first three centuries of the Church, and until the Council of Nice, by Bishop Ginoulhiac, of Grenoble, (Histoire du Dogme Catholique. Paris. 1865, 3 vols.,) has appeared in a second edition.

Abbé Freppel has an undisputed claim to be classed among the ablest Roman Catholic writers on ancient church his tory. In addition to his former valuable works on Les Pères Apostoliques, (1 vol.,) Les Apologistes Chrétiens, (2 vols.,) SaintIrenée, (1 vol.,) Tertullien, (2 vols.,) he has recently published two more installments The Roman Catholic literature of France, of his "Lectures of Sacred Eloquence;" on the restoration of monastic orders on namely, a work on St. Cyprian and the French soil since the beginning of the African Church of the third century, (St. nineteenth century, is very numerous, Cyprien, 1 vol. Paris. 1866,) and another and furnishes, on the whole, the best ma- on Clement of Alexandria, (Clément d'Al terial for a knowledge of these institu-exandrie, 1 vol. Paris. 1866.)

ART. X.-SYNOPSIS OF THE QUARTERLIES, AND OTHERS OF THE HIGHER PERIODICALS.

American Quarterly Reviews.

BIBLICAL REPERTORY AND PRINCETON REVIEW, January, 1866. (Philadelphia.) 1. Sustentation Fund. 2. Common Schools. 3. The Patristic Doctrine on the Eucharist. 4. Horace Mann. 5. Imperfect Rights and Obligations as Related to Church Discipline. 6. Strauss and Schleiermacher. 7. Renan, Strauss, and Schleiermacher.

BIBLIOTHECA SACRA, January, 1866. and their Relation to Knowledge. ical Economy and the Christian Church.

(Andover, Mass.) 1. Intuitive Ideas, 2. Conversion, Its Nature. 3. PolitMinistry. 4. The Catholic Apostolic