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This requires the heavy expenditure of manpower to cover a broad range of activities. For example, the Communists, foreign agents, and potential saboteurs operate behind a masquerade of stealth and deception. The extent of this activity is shown by the fact that the FBI has approximately 200 known, or suspected, Communist front and Communist-infiltrated organizations under investigation. Many of these fronts are national in scope. They represent transmission belts through which the Communist Party furthers its conspiratorial designs.

All activities of the Communist Party, U.S.A., must receive complete coverage if we are to be aware of the full extent of the Communist menace in this Nation.

ESPIONAGE AND COUNTERINTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS

The Soviet intelligence services have reorganized, multiplied their contacts with the American people, and become aggressively bolder in spearheading their espionage offensive against the United States. The intelligence organizations of the satellite countries, carefully coordinated under Soviet leadership and control, have gained increasingly in experience and ability.

The coverage which must be afforded to the widespread ramifications of the Soviet bloc espionage networks results in a heavy drain on our available manpower and points up the vital need for adequate manpower to handle the tremendous volume of work in this area of our operations.

GENERAL CRIMINAL OPERATIONS

During the calendar year 1959, based on reports from the Nation's police, an estimated 1,592,160 serious crimes were committed in this country. This is a new alltime high and is 69 percent more than the crime volume in 1950 and 128 percent over 1940. For a number of years crime has been rising four times as fast as population. This ominous rise in crime has continued at an accelerated pace into 1960. Preliminary crime figures, based on reports of cities over 25,000 for the first 9 months of 1960, show that serious crime registered an increase of 11 percent, as compared with the same period last year.

The growing amount of lawlessness is reflected in the growing volume of work experienced in many criminal offenses within the investigative jurisdiction of the FBI. The 1960 fiscal year witnessed 753 violations of the Federal bank robbery statute. This total of 753 violations is second only to the alltime high record of 764 violations which was established in the preceding 12 months. The tremendous jump that this type of crime has taken over the past years is shown when compared with the 248 violations of this Federal statute during the fiscal year 1950.

Under the destruction of aircraft or motor vehicles statute, the majority of the cases received for handling are of the false report type and these increased alarmingly during the fiscal year 1960. During that fiscal year, 484 cases were opened as compared with 275 during 1959.

Our growing volume of work is also reflected in our investigative accomplishments which reached several new peaks of achievement:

Convictions.-During the 1960 fiscal year there were 11,914 convictions in cases investigated by the FBI, the largest number for any peacetime year and an increase of 195 over the 11,719 recorded during the fiscal year 1959.

Sentences imposed.—Actual, suspended, and probationary sentences imposed in these cases during the fiscal year 1960 totaled 33.458 years, or 1,439 years in excess of the 32,019 recorded for the similar period in 1959. Eight terms of life imprisonment resulted from convictions in cases investigated during 1960 as compared to six during the prior year.

Fines, savings, and recoveries.-During the fiscal year 1960, fines, savings, and recoveries in FBI-investigated cases totaled $142,822,244, the highest ever achieved by the FBI. This is $7,414,144 more than the previous alltime high of $135,408,100 recorded in 1959.

Fugitives located.-There were 9,527 fugitives located in cases investigated by the FBI during the fiscal year 1960, an increase of 437 over the 9,090 located during 1959. Included among the fleeing criminals were 16 members of the FBI's "Ten Most Wanted Fugitives" list as well as 1,361 criminals (another alltime record) whose apprehensions were being sought at the request of State and local authorities after they had fled State lines in violation of the Fugitive Felon Act.

Automobiles recovered.-17,430 stolen motor vehicles were recovered in FBI cases during the fiscal year 1960 as compared with 16,957 during the prior year. This sets a new alltime high as does the total of 5,217 convictions in Federal court for transporting stolen automobiles across State lines.

SPECIFIC INCREASES: CRIMINAL AND CIVIL WORK

The following tabulation indicates specific increases in several classifications of general criminal and civil work during fiscal year 1960.

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The FBI's appropriation request includes only the bare minimum funds felt necessary to handle the increasing workloads in the general criminal field; to provide the needed coverage to insure the maintenance of the domestic internal security and to insure adequate investigative coverage and control of clandestine groups who aim at the subversion of the U.S. Government, particularly those associated with the international Communist movement and foreign-inspired enemy espionage. This is also the situation in regard to the increasing workloads in regard to name checks, fingerprint checks, and scientific examinations.

The estimates for the fiscal year 1962 do not provide for potential contingencies resulting from additional investigative duties conferred upon the Federal Bureau of Investigation by new legislation or that may accrue through departmental or other official sources, after the preparation of our initial estimates.

INCREASE REQUESTED FOR 1962

Mr. ROONEY. The request is in the amount $127,216,000, an increase of $9,216,000 over the amount appropriated to date for the current fiscal year, and an increase of $1,666,000 when the anticipated pay act supplemental is taken into consideration.

We are again pleased to have with us the distinguished and highly competent Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Honorable J. Edgar Hoover, accompanied by the Associate Director, the Honorable Clyde Tolson, and the Assistant to the Director, the Honorable John Mohr.

You may proceed as usual, Mr. Director.

GENERAL STATEMENT

Mr. HOOVER. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, our direct appropriation request as indicated, exclusive of reimbursements, approved by the Bureau of the Budget for the fiscal year 1962 totals $127,216,000. This includes $7,800,000 to cover the cost of the Federal pay raise occasioned by Public Law 86-568 approved last July. It will provide for 13,579 full-year employees.

The direct funds, exclusive of reimbursements, for the fiscal year 1961 total $125,550,000, including $7,550,000 for costs attributable to the Federal pay raise. It will allow 13,504 full-year employees.

ADDITIONAL POSITIONS

Our request for 1962 represents an increase of $1,666,000 when compared with the $125,550,000 required for 1961.

Our personnel request for 1962 represents an increase of 75 fullyear employees, 50 special agents and 25 clerks, when compared with the 13,504 which we had for this year.

Mr. ROONEY. I should like to interpolate a question at this point, if I may, Mr. Director.

Mr. HOOVER. Certainly.

Mr. ROONEY. What is the entrance grade and salary for a special agent at the present time?

Mr. HOOVER. The entrance grade and salary is GS-10, $6,995.

Mr. ROONEY. What are the grades and salaries requested for the 25 additional clerks set up in this budget?

Mr. HOOVER. The clerks are to be: 12 at GS-4, $4,040 and 13 at GS-3, $3,760. All of these clerks and agents are for field assignment. None of them are for the seat of government.

Mr. ROONEY. What is the total requested in this budget for new personnel?

Mr. HOOVER. The total requested is $588,734.

Mr. ROONEY. How much is in this budget for within-grade promo

tions?

Mr. HOOVER. $154,124, which is mandatory by law under the Ramspeck Act.

Mr. ROONEY. Very well.

Mr. HOOVER. All the additional employees are to be utilized to discharge increasing investigative responsibilities in the field service.

MAJOR CRIMINAL OFFENSES

There has been a continuing rise in nearly all major criminal offenses. Among the many serious crime problems confronting the FBI during the past year was an outburst of bomb threats directed against airlines and other transportation media, as well as homes, businesses, schools, and religious institutions. Some of these were perpetrated by unthinking hoaxers. Others emanated from hatemongers, terrorists, and similar types of rabble who are addicted to a philosophy of fear and mob rule.

Convictions under both the Federal Reserve Act and the Federal bank robbery statute reached all-time highs during the last fiscal year. New records were similarly established in the number of Fed

eral convictions and stolen vehicles located as a result of violations involving the interstate transportation of stolen automobiles.

ORGANIZED CRIME

In our continuing vigorous drive on organized crime we have been furnishing voluminous information regarding hoodlums and racketeers to those sources responsible for the prosecution of offenses, whether it be Federal, State, or local. The Attorney General has made it clear that the Federal Government is to step up its drive on organized crime and this will greatly expand our work in this area. Under this stepped-up drive it has been indicated that new crimecurbing laws and a closer working relationship among Federal agencies will be sought and these agencies will be called upon to make a coordinated drive with the aim of prosecuting notorious hoodlums under the direction of the Department of Justice. This Bureau, of course, will play a major part in this program. This coordinated and accelerated investigative activity against organized crime will place added workloads on our investigative staff.

WORKLOAD INCREASED UNDER NEW LEGISLATION

Broadened jurisdiction, occasioned by the enactment of new legislation, such as the Civil Rights Act of 1960 and the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959, has considerably increased our workload commitments. To date, no funds have been provided for the enforcement of these two statutes. We have absorbed the work with our present personnel.

SECURITY OPERATIONS

Additionally, our overall security operations have demanded unusually heavy assignments of manpower to investigative and surveillance programs directed against internal threats of communism, espionage, subversion, and Communist front and Communist-infiltrated organizations. The extent of their vast scope may be found in the fact that 91,844 security matters were referred to our attention for investigation during the last fiscal year.

Supplementing the continued intense espionage activities against the United States by Soviet Russia and her satellites are the operations of elements in our country interested in the Cuban revolutionary movement. These developments have been responsible for a substantial increase in many phases of our security work.

SEAT OF GOVERNMENT STAFF

I would like to point out to the committee that our request for the fiscal year 1962 does not provide for any increases in our seat of government personnel, although there has been an appreciable rise in all essential seat of government service functions, including name checks, fingerprint checks, and scientific examinations. We will endeavor to absorb this extra work with our present staff through streamlining and greater productive efficiency

COMPARISON OF FUNDS AND EMPLOYMENT, 1961–62

I hand to the chairman at this time an exhibit for insertion in the record which itemizes for the fiscal years 1961 and 1962 the number of special agents and clerks for the seat of government and the field, and it also shows a breakdown of the amounts for personnel compensation and other expenses, setting forth specific increases or decreases for each item.

Mr. ROONEY. We shall insert this exhibit at this point in the record. (The document referred to follows:)

Details: Funds and personnel, fiscal years 1961 versus 1962

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Mr. HOOVER. Of the total overall $1,666,000 increase for 1962 as shown by the exhibit just presented, $1,497,658 is applicable to "Personnel compensation (salaries)" and the remaining $168,342 to "Other expense" items.

The increase for personnel compensation is accounted for by three factors:

1. There is a decrease of $400,218 attributable to the cost of one less working day in 1962 as compared to 1961.

2. There is an increase of $482,290 for the 75 additional employees. 3. There is an increase of $1,415,586 to continue our promotional

program.

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