The useful metals and their alloys, by J. Scoffern [and others].1857 |
Contents
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Other editions - View all
The Useful Metals and Their Alloys, by J. Scoffern [And Others] Useful Metals No preview available - 2018 |
The Useful Metals and Their Alloys, by J. Scoffern [And Others] Useful Metals No preview available - 2015 |
The Useful Metals and Their Alloys, by J. Scoffern [And Others] Useful Metals No preview available - 2015 |
Common terms and phrases
alloy amount antimony applied arsenic beam Berthier bismuth blast blast-furnace bottom brittle calcination carbonic acid cast cast-iron cast-steel cent charcoal charge chemical cinder coal coke cold colour combination combustion considerable construction contain converted cooling copper crucible crude iron diameter effect employed experiments feet files fire flux forging fracture fuel furnace fusible fusion gases hæmatite hammer hearth heat hydrogen increased ingots Karsten lead malleable manganese manufacture mass material matter melted metal metallurgist mineral mines mould nearly nitric acid obtained operation oxide oxygen peroxide phosphorus pig-iron placed plates portion produced proportion protoxide puddling reduced refining remelting reverberatory reverberatory furnace rolled rollers scoria shaft silica slag small quantities smelting specific gravity square inch steel strength sufficient sulphide sulphuret sulphuric acid surface temperature tensile thick tion tons tube tuyere ventilation vessel weight welding wrought-iron zinc
Popular passages
Page 268 - ... we increase the size and power of our machinery to the extent necessary to deal with such large masses of metal. A few minutes...
Page 268 - ... times its original length. One of the most important facts connected with the new system of manufacturing malleable iron is that all the iron so produced will be of that quality known as charcoal iron; not that any charcoal is used in its manufacture, but because the whole of the processes following the smelting of it are conducted entirely without contact with, or the use of, any mineral fuel; the iron resulting therefrom will in consequence be perfectly...
Page 472 - ... sectional areas taken in a line through the rivet-holes with the section of the plates themselves. It is perfectly obvious that in perforating a line of holes along the edge of a plate, we must reduce its strength ; it is also clear that the plate so perforated will be to the plate itself, nearly as the areas of their respective sections, with a small deduction for the irregularities of the pressure of the rivets upon the plate; or, in other words, the joint will be reduced in strength somewhat...
Page 474 - In this estimate we must however take into consideration the circumstances under which the results were obtained, as only two or three rivets came within the reach of experiment : and again, looking at the increase of strength which might be gained by having a greater number of rivets in combination...
Page 472 - It may be said that the pressure or adhesion of the two surfaces of the plates would add to the strength ; but this is not found to be the case to any gre<at extent, as in almost every instance the experiments indicate the resistance to be in the ratio of their sectional areas.
Page 364 - The softer sorts of welding cast steel may be obtained by an addition of good wrought iron in small pieces, and the harder qualities by adding charcoal in various proportions to the before-mentioned mixture.
Page 475 - To determine this formula with accuracy is a work of research. In the meantime, we are fortunate in having before us that which applies with so much certainty to tubular bridges and tubular girders ; and all that is required in this case will be to ascertain the correct sectional area of the plates, to prevent the tearing asunder of the bottom, and the quantity of material necessary to resist the crushing force along the line of the upper-deck on the top.
Page 358 - ... but I do not claim the use of any such mixture of cast and malleable iron, or malleable iron and carbonaceous matter, as any part of my invention, but only the use of carburet of manganese, in any process for the conversion of iron into cast-steel...
Page 415 - 75-4 For Hodgkinson and Tredgold as 1 : '619 For Fairbaim and Tredgold as 1 : '820 These numbers appear to give the relative strength of the different beams, and 110 doubt they had the strongest sections of all beams in use at the respective dates. It is to be regretted that we are not in possession of any comparative experiments on the beam of Boulton and Watt's section. By a simple calculation, however, we find the ratio of strength to be as 1...
Page 263 - ... always accompanies the boil. The rapid union of carbon and oxygen which thus takes place adds still further to the temperature of the metal, while the diminished quantity of carbon present allows a part of the oxygen to combine with the iron, which undergoes combustion and is converted into an oxide. At the excessive temperature that the metal has now acquired, the oxide as soon as formed undergoes fusion, and forms a powerful solvent of those earthy bases that are associated with the iron ;...