Handbook of Biodegradable PolymersCatia Bastioli In recent years the use of renewable resources as chemical feedstocks for the synthesis of polymeric materials has attracted considerable attention due to the finite nature of traditional petrochemical derived compounds in addition to economic and environmental considerations. A key goal of the coming years will be the development of sustainable raw materials for the chemical industry that will replace current fossil-based feedstocks. This book gives a thorough overview of the manufacture and uses of low environmental impact polymers. |
Contents
Biodegradability of Polymers Mechanisms and Evaluation Methods | 1 |
Biodegradation Behaviour of Polymers in Liquid Environments | 33 |
Biodegradation Behaviour of Polymers in the Soil | 57 |
Ecotoxicological Aspects in the Biodegradation Process of Polymers | 103 |
References | 137 |
International and National Norms on Biodegradability | 145 |
References | 175 |
General Characteristics Processability Industrial Applications | 183 |
StarchBased Technology | 257 |
PolyLactic Acid and Copolyesters | 287 |
AliphaticAromatic Polyesters | 303 |
Material Formed from Proteins | 339 |
Enzyme Catalysis in the Synthesis of Biodegradable Polymers | 385 |
Environmental Life Cycle Comparisons of Biodegradable Plastics | 431 |
Biodegradable Polymers and the Optimisation of Models | 485 |
Abbreviations | 507 |
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acid activity addition agricultural amylopectin anaerobic analysis applications aqueous aromatic Assessment assignee ASTM bags biodegradable polymers biological carbon carbon dioxide changes chemical Chemistry co-workers collection compared complex components composting concentration considered containing copolyesters copolymers cycle Determination effects energy environment environmental enzymes Evaluation example factors Figure films growth higher hydrolysis impact important included increase International inventors Italy Journal limited lipase lower Macromolecules materials measured mechanical medium Method microbial microorganisms molecular weight monomers natural obtained organic oxygen packaging performed plant plastics polyesters Polymer Degradation Polymer Science polymerisation possible presence production properties proteins range reaction recycling reported requirements samples schemes soil specific standard starch structure studies surface synthetic Table Technology temperature test methods thermoplastic toxic units various waste