PoxvirusesAndrew Mercer, Axel Schmidt, Olaf Weber The study of poxviruses has a long and distinguished history that includes Jenner’s founding work on smallpox vaccination. In the more than 200 years since that time we have seen the remarkable eradication of smallpox. It is difficult to overstate the significance of that achievement. It not only removed a disease that must rate as one of humankind’s greatest scourges, but also demonstrated the effectiveness of the general principle of vacci- tion in our battles against disease. This book begins with a review of smallpox and its causative agent, Variola virus. The vaccine used in the successful smallpox eradication c- paign, vaccinia virus, is reviewed in the following chapter that describes its origin and its use as a vaccine, as well as the current understanding of the molecular biology and pathogenesis of this virus. Vaccinia virus is the most intensively studied poxvirus and the descriptions of the biology of this virus are relevant to all vertebrate poxviruses. The eradication of smallpox has drawn attention to the potential threat posed by other orthopoxviruses that infect humans, particularly Monkeypox virus. A description of this virus is given in the third chapter. Jenner’s ori- nal vaccine is believed to have been Cowpox virus and this virus is reviewed in the chapter by Essbauer and Meyer. Additional chapters are devoted to each of the recognized genera of the vertebrate poxviruses and a f- ther chapter describes the subfamily of poxviruses infecting invertebrates. Together these provide a comprehensive review of the poxvirus family. |
Contents
1 | |
Inger K Damon | 47 |
Sandra Essbauer and Hermann Meyer | 65 |
Joachim J Bugert | 89 |
Smith | 113 |
Stephen B Fleming and Andrew A Mercer | 127 |
Adama Diallo and Gerrit J Viljoen | 167 |
John W Barrett and Grant McFadden | 183 |
Marie N Becker and Richard W Moyer | 253 |
Steven H Nazarian and Grant McFadden | 273 |
Olaf Weber Percy Knolle and HansDieter Volk | 297 |
Barbara S Schnierle Yasemin Suezer and Gerd Sutter | 311 |
Handley J Paige Mackey R Mark Buller | 329 |
Martin Pfeffer and Hermann Meyer | 355 |
Robert Snoeck Graciela Andrei and Erik De Clercq | 375 |
Environmental resistance disinfection and sterilization | 397 |
Genus Suipoxvirus | 203 |
David B Boyle | 217 |
Historic aspects and early smallpox management approaches | 423 |
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Common terms and phrases
Acad Sci USA activity analysis animals antibody antigen antiviral apoptosis Arch Virol assay attenuated avian avipoxviruses Biol BPSV capripoxvirus CD8+ cell culture cellular chemokine cidofovir clinical cowpox virus CPXV cytokine disease virus Ectromelia virus entomopoxvirus envelope enveloped virus enzymes expression fowlpox FWPV Gen Virol gene encoding genome genus growth factor homologues host range human immune response Immunol induced inhibit inhibitor intracellular isolated kinase lesions lumpy skin disease McFadden G membrane Mercer AA mice Microbiol molluscum contagiosum virus Monkeypox virus monkeys Moss MPXV myxoma virus MYXV Natl Acad Sci orf virus ORFV orthopoxvirus outbreak parapoxviruses Pathol patients polymerase poxvirus poxvirus infections Proc Natl Acad protection rabbit receptor recombinant replication sheep smallpox vaccination Smith species studies TANV tion transcription tumor vaccinia virus VACV strains variola virus vector viral virions Virol 79 Virology virulence virus gene virus infection viruses Yaba YLDV YMTV